Mesihovic Anida, Iannacone Rina, Firon Nurit, Fragkostefanakis Sotirios
Department of Biosciences, Molecular Cell Biology of Plants, Goethe University, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
ALSIA Research Center Metapontum Agrobios Metaponto (MT), 75010, Metaponto, Italy.
Plant Reprod. 2016 Jun;29(1-2):93-105. doi: 10.1007/s00497-016-0281-y. Epub 2016 Mar 25.
Pollen thermotolerance. Global warming is predicted to increase the frequency and severity of extreme weather phenomena such as heat waves thereby posing a major threat for crop productivity and food security. The yield in case of most crop species is dependent on the success of reproductive development. Pollen development has been shown to be highly sensitive to elevated temperatures while the development of the female gametophyte as well as sporophytic tissues might also be disturbed under mild or severe heat stress conditions. Therefore, assessing pollen thermotolerance is currently of high interest for geneticists, plant biologists and breeders. A key aspect in pollen thermotolerance studies is the selection of the appropriate heat stress regime, the developmental stage that the stress is applied to, as well as the method of application. Literature search reveals a rather high variability in heat stress treatments mainly due to the lack of standardized protocols for different plant species. In this review, we summarize and discuss experimental approaches that have been used in various crops, with special focus on tomato, rice and wheat, as the best studied crops regarding pollen thermotolerance. The overview of stress treatments and the major outcomes of each study aim to provide guidelines for similar research in other crops.
花粉耐热性。预计全球变暖将增加诸如热浪等极端天气现象的频率和强度，从而对作物生产力和粮食安全构成重大威胁。大多数作物品种的产量取决于生殖发育的成功与否。研究表明，花粉发育对温度升高高度敏感，而在轻度或重度热胁迫条件下，雌配子体以及孢子体组织的发育也可能受到干扰。因此，目前评估花粉耐热性受到遗传学家、植物生物学家和育种家的高度关注。花粉耐热性研究的一个关键方面是选择合适的热胁迫方案、施加胁迫的发育阶段以及施加方法。文献检索发现热胁迫处理存在相当大的差异，主要原因是缺乏针对不同植物物种的标准化方案。在本综述中，我们总结并讨论了各种作物中使用的实验方法，特别关注番茄、水稻和小麦，因为它们是在花粉耐热性方面研究得最好的作物。胁迫处理概述以及每项研究的主要结果旨在为其他作物的类似研究提供指导。
