Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.
J Physiol. 2023 Jul;601(13):2593-2619. doi: 10.1113/JP283792. Epub 2023 Apr 9.
The postnatal mammalian heart undergoes remarkable developmental changes, which are stimulated by the transition from the intrauterine to extrauterine environment. With birth, increased oxygen levels promote metabolic, structural and biophysical maturation of cardiomyocytes, resulting in mature muscle with increased efficiency, contractility and electrical conduction. In this Topical Review article, we highlight key studies that inform our current understanding of human cardiomyocyte maturation. Collectively, these studies suggest that human atrial and ventricular myocytes evolve quickly within the first year but might not reach a fully mature adult phenotype until nearly the first decade of life. However, it is important to note that fetal, neonatal and paediatric cardiac physiology studies are hindered by a number of limitations, including the scarcity of human tissue, small sample size and a heavy reliance on diseased tissue samples, often without age-matched healthy controls. Future developmental studies are warranted to expand our understanding of normal cardiac physiology/pathophysiology and inform age-appropriate treatment strategies for cardiac disease.
哺乳动物的心脏在产后会经历显著的发育变化，这些变化是由从宫内到宫外环境的转变所刺激的。出生后，氧气水平的增加促进了心肌细胞的代谢、结构和生物物理成熟，从而产生了效率更高、收缩力更强和电传导性更好的成熟肌肉。在这篇专题综述中，我们重点介绍了一些关键研究，这些研究为我们目前对人类心肌细胞成熟的理解提供了信息。总的来说，这些研究表明，人类心房和心室肌细胞在出生后的第一年迅速进化，但可能要到生命的第一个十年才达到完全成熟的成人表型。然而，值得注意的是，胎儿、新生儿和儿科心脏生理学研究受到许多限制的阻碍，包括人类组织的稀缺性、样本量小以及对疾病组织样本的严重依赖，这些样本通常没有年龄匹配的健康对照组。未来的发育研究将有助于我们进一步了解正常的心脏生理学/病理生理学，并为心脏疾病提供适合年龄的治疗策略。
