Reina Jordi, Iglesias Carla
Unidad de Virología, Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Facultad de Medicina de la Universidat Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
Med Clin (Engl Ed). 2023 Apr 6;160(7):305-309. doi: 10.1016/j.medcle.2023.01.005. Epub 2023 Mar 24.
The monkeypox virus is a virus that has 90% genomic homology with the human (smallpox), but it is naturally transmitted between different wild animal reservoirs and is considered a zoonosis. Throughout the 20th century, different vaccines based on the vaccinia poxvirus were developed and used for vaccination against smallpox. After the eradication of smallpox, these vaccines were no longer used. Current vaccines against monkeypox virus are classified by the WHO as replicative (ACAM2000), minimally replicative (LC16m8) and non-replicative (MVA-BN), the latter being the one currently used. The 2022 extra-African monkeypox virus epidemic has highlighted the lack of vaccines with proven efficacy and low reactogenicity. It is considered that the use of this vaccine in the current outbreak may play a role in the prevention or attenuation of the disease as pre-exposure prophylaxis in close contacts of confirmed cases.
猴痘病毒是一种与人类天花病毒具有90%基因组同源性的病毒，但它在不同的野生动物宿主之间自然传播，被认为是一种人畜共患病。在整个20世纪，基于牛痘病毒开发了不同的疫苗，并用于天花疫苗接种。天花根除后，这些疫苗不再使用。目前针对猴痘病毒的疫苗被世界卫生组织分为复制型（ACAM2000）、最低限度复制型（LC16m8）和非复制型（MVA-BN），后者是目前正在使用的疫苗。2022年非洲以外地区的猴痘病毒疫情凸显了缺乏经证实有效且反应原性低的疫苗。据认为，在当前疫情中使用这种疫苗作为确诊病例密切接触者的暴露前预防措施，可能在预防或减轻疾病方面发挥作用。
