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第三剂 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗接种和突破性感染增强了针对关注变种的体液和细胞免疫。

Third SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and breakthrough infections enhance humoral and cellular immunity against variants of concern.

机构信息

Hannover Medical School, Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover, Germany.

BREATH Site, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany.

出版信息

Front Immunol. 2023 Mar 22;14:1120010. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1120010. eCollection 2023.

DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1120010
PMID:37033958
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10073596/
Abstract

INTRODUCTION

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is the leading strategy to prevent severe courses after SARS-CoV-2 infection. In our study, we analyzed humoral and cellular immune responses in detail to three consecutive homologous or heterologous SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations and breakthrough infections.

METHODS

Peripheral blood samples of n=20 individuals were analyzed in the time course of three SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations and/or breakthrough infection. S1-, RBD-, S2- and N-specific IgG antibodies were quantified using Luminex-based multiplex assays and electrochemiluminescence multiplex assays for surrogate neutralization in plasma. Changes in cellular immune components were determined via flow cytometry of whole blood samples.

RESULTS

All individuals (n=20) responded to vaccination with increasing S1-/RBD-/S2-specific IgG levels, whereas specific plasma IgA displayed individual variability. The third dose increased antibody inhibitory capacity (AIC) against immune-escape variants Beta and Omicron BA.1 independently of age. The mRNA-primed vaccination induced IgG and IgA immunity more efficiently, whereas vector-primed individuals displayed higher levels of memory T and B cells. Vaccinees showed SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses, which were further improved and specified after Omicron breakthrough infections in parallel to the appearance of new variant-specific antibodies.

DISCUSSION

In conclusion, the third vaccination was essential to increase IgG levels, mandatory to boost AIC against immune-escape variants, and induced SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells. Breakthrough infection with Omicron generates additional spike specificities covering all known variants.

摘要

简介

SARS-CoV-2 疫苗接种是预防 SARS-CoV-2 感染后严重病程的主要策略。在我们的研究中，我们详细分析了连续三次同源或异源 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗接种和突破性感染后的体液和细胞免疫反应。

方法

分析了 n=20 名个体在三次 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗接种和/或突破性感染过程中的外周血样本。使用基于 Luminex 的多重分析和用于替代中和的电化学发光多重分析来定量 S1-、RBD-、S2-和 N-特异性 IgG 抗体。通过全血样本的流式细胞术确定细胞免疫成分的变化。

结果

所有个体（n=20）均对疫苗接种产生应答，S1-/RBD-/S2-特异性 IgG 水平升高，而特异性血浆 IgA 显示个体差异。第三剂独立于年龄增加了针对免疫逃逸变体 Beta 和 Omicron BA.1 的抗体抑制能力（AIC）。mRNA 疫苗诱导 IgG 和 IgA 免疫更有效，而载体疫苗诱导的记忆 T 和 B 细胞水平更高。接种疫苗者表现出 SARS-CoV-2 特异性 T 细胞反应，这些反应在 Omicron 突破性感染后进一步改善和特化，同时出现新的变体特异性抗体。

讨论

总之，第三次接种对于提高 IgG 水平至关重要，对于提高针对免疫逃逸变体的 AIC 是必需的，并且诱导了 SARS-CoV-2 特异性 T 细胞。Omicron 突破性感染产生了额外的刺突特异性，涵盖了所有已知变体。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fafd/10073596/32d0c44d4f70/fimmu-14-1120010-g006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fafd/10073596/d077a634e61a/fimmu-14-1120010-g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fafd/10073596/6f1fe520185b/fimmu-14-1120010-g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fafd/10073596/d35600fcd88f/fimmu-14-1120010-g003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fafd/10073596/cb66b4929e03/fimmu-14-1120010-g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fafd/10073596/56b9acc17480/fimmu-14-1120010-g005.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fafd/10073596/32d0c44d4f70/fimmu-14-1120010-g006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fafd/10073596/d077a634e61a/fimmu-14-1120010-g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fafd/10073596/6f1fe520185b/fimmu-14-1120010-g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fafd/10073596/d35600fcd88f/fimmu-14-1120010-g003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fafd/10073596/cb66b4929e03/fimmu-14-1120010-g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fafd/10073596/56b9acc17480/fimmu-14-1120010-g005.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fafd/10073596/32d0c44d4f70/fimmu-14-1120010-g006.jpg

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