Wang Lanhui, Wei Fangli, Svenning Jens-Christian
Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE) and Section for Ecoinformatics & Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
iScience. 2023 Mar 20;26(4):106450. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106450. eCollection 2023 Apr 21.
Intact forests and protected areas (PAs) are central to global biodiversity conservation and nature-based climate change mitigation. However, cropland encroachment threatens the ecological integrity and resilience of their functioning. Using satellite observations, we find that a large proportion of croplands in the remaining forests globally have been gained during 2003-2019, especially for high-integrity forests (62%) and non-forest biomes (60%) and tropical forests (47%). Cropland expansion during 2011-2019 in forests globally has even doubled (130% relative increase) than 2003-2011, with high medium-integrity (190%) and high-integrity (165%) categories and non-forest (182%) and tropical forest biomes (136%) showing higher acceleration. Unexpectedly, a quarter of croplands in PAs globally were gained during 2003-2019, again with a recent accelerated expansion (48%). These results suggest insufficient protection of these irreplaceable landscapes and a major challenge to global conservation. More effective local, national, and international coordination among sustainable development goals 15, 13, and 2 is urgently needed.
完整的森林和保护区对于全球生物多样性保护以及基于自然的气候变化缓解至关重要。然而，农田侵占威胁着它们功能的生态完整性和恢复力。通过卫星观测，我们发现全球剩余森林中的很大一部分农田是在2003年至2019年期间新增的，特别是对于高完整性森林（62%）、非森林生物群落（60%）和热带森林（47%）而言。2011年至2019年期间全球森林中的农田扩张比2003年至2011年甚至增加了一倍（相对增长130%），其中高中等完整性（190%）和高完整性（165%）类别以及非森林（182%）和热带森林生物群落（136%）显示出更高的加速增长。出乎意料的是，2003年至2019年期间全球保护区中有四分之一的农田是新增的，近期同样出现加速扩张（48%）。这些结果表明对这些不可替代景观的保护不足，对全球保护构成重大挑战。迫切需要在可持续发展目标15、13和2之间进行更有效的地方、国家和国际协调。
