Medical Student, School of Medicine.
Professor, Maternal Fetal Medicine, Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Western States Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Unit, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2023 Apr;78(4):223-236. doi: 10.1097/OGX.0000000000001116.
Climate change is affecting the earth, resulting in more extreme temperatures and weather, rising sea levels, more frequent natural disasters, and displacement of populations of plants and animals, including people and insects. These changes affect food and housing security, vector-borne illnesses, and access to clean air and water, all of which influence human health.
There are a number of adverse health outcomes linked to heat, air pollution from wildfires, stress from natural disasters, and other elements of climate change. Pregnant people are especially vulnerable to the health harms resulting from climate change, namely, preterm birth, small for gestational age, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and other adverse reproductive health and birth outcomes. Strategies to minimize these harms include mitigation and adaptation.
Physicians are in a unique position to protect the health of pregnant persons and children by advocating for policy changes that address climate change and providing clinical recommendations for patients to protect themselves from the health impacts of climate hazards.
气候变化正在影响地球，导致气温和天气更加极端、海平面上升、自然灾害更加频繁、动植物（包括人类和昆虫）的种群迁移。这些变化影响粮食和住房安全、媒介传播疾病以及清洁空气和水的获取，所有这些都影响人类健康。
有许多不良健康后果与热、野火产生的空气污染、自然灾害带来的压力以及气候变化的其他因素有关。孕妇尤其容易受到气候变化带来的健康危害，如早产、小于胎龄儿、妊娠高血压疾病和其他不良生殖健康及出生结局的影响。将这些危害降到最低的策略包括缓解和适应。
医生通过倡导解决气候变化的政策变化，以及为患者提供保护自己免受气候危害影响的临床建议，从而处于保护孕妇和儿童健康的独特位置。
