Kılavuz Mustafa, Ağralı Cansu, Kanbay Yalçın
Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey.
Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, Osmaniye, Turkey.
J Egypt Public Health Assoc. 2025 Aug 27;100(1):14. doi: 10.1186/s42506-025-00196-w.
Climate change has emerged as a global environmental issue exacerbated by human activities. Specifically, greenhouse gas emissions and land-use changes have contributed to rising global surface temperatures and shifting weather patterns. These changes disrupt environmental and ecosystem balance, directly impacting human health. Worldwide, 3.6 billion people live in regions vulnerable to climate change, and it is projected that between 2030 and 2050, an additional 250,000 deaths annually will occur due to climate change-induced malnutrition, malaria, and diarrheal diseases. The health impacts of climate change vary between genders depending on biological, geographical, and socioeconomic factors, with women experiencing more severe negative effects. Reproductive health is significantly affected by rising temperatures, air pollution, extreme weather events, and changing meteorological conditions. Adverse reproductive outcomes (e.g., low birth weight, preterm birth, and congenital anomalies) are more frequently observed in women. Furthermore, climate change exacerbates hot flashes, increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases, and intensifies mental health disorders in postmenopausal women. Climate change has emerged as a global environmental issue exacerbated by human activities. Specifically, greenhouse gas emissions and land-use changes have contributed to rising global surface temperatures and shifting weather patterns. These changes disrupt environmental and ecosystem balance, directly impacting human health. Worldwide, 3.6 billion people live in regions vulnerable to climate change, and it is projected that between 2030 and 2050, an additional 250,000 deaths annually will occur due to climate change-induced malnutrition, malaria, and diarrheal diseases. The health impacts of climate change vary between genders depending on biological, geographical, and socioeconomic factors, with women experiencing more severe negative effects. Reproductive health is significantly affected by rising temperatures, air pollution, extreme weather events, and changing meteorological conditions. Adverse reproductive outcomes (e.g., low birth weight, preterm birth, and congenital anomalies) are more frequently observed in women. Furthermore, climate change exacerbates hot flashes, increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases, and intensifies mental health disorders in postmenopausal women. However, current literature remains limited in addressing the specific effects of climate change on women's health in low- and middle-income countries, as well as its influence during the menopausal period. Further research is needed to explore the intersection of climate change and socioeconomic disparities, particularly in vulnerable populations. Large-scale longitudinal studies focusing on region-specific risks and health outcomes are essential to develop targeted interventions and policies.
气候变化已成为一个因人类活动而加剧的全球环境问题。具体而言，温室气体排放和土地利用变化导致全球地表温度上升和天气模式转变。这些变化破坏了环境和生态系统平衡，直接影响人类健康。全球有36亿人生活在易受气候变化影响的地区，预计在2030年至2050年期间，每年将因气候变化引发的营养不良、疟疾和腹泻疾病而额外导致25万人死亡。气候变化对健康的影响因性别而异，这取决于生物学、地理和社会经济因素，女性受到的负面影响更为严重。生殖健康受到气温上升、空气污染、极端天气事件和气象条件变化的显著影响。不良生殖结局（如低出生体重、早产和先天性异常）在女性中更为常见。此外，气候变化会加剧潮热，增加心血管疾病风险，并加重绝经后女性的心理健康障碍。气候变化已成为一个因人类活动而加剧的全球环境问题。具体而言，温室气体排放和土地利用变化导致全球地表温度上升和天气模式转变。这些变化破坏了环境和生态系统平衡，直接影响人类健康。全球有36亿人生活在易受气候变化影响的地区，预计在2030年至2050年期间，每年将因气候变化引发的营养不良、疟疾和腹泻疾病而额外导致25万人死亡。气候变化对健康的影响因性别而异，这取决于生物学、地理和社会经济因素，女性受到的负面影响更为严重。生殖健康受到气温上升、空气污染、极端天气事件和气象条件变化的显著影响。不良生殖结局（如低出生体重、早产和先天性异常）在女性中更为常见。此外，气候变化会加剧潮热，增加心血管疾病风险，并加重绝经后女性的心理健康障碍。然而，目前的文献在探讨气候变化对低收入和中等收入国家女性健康的具体影响以及其在绝经期间的影响方面仍然有限。需要进一步研究来探索气候变化与社会经济差距的交叉点，特别是在弱势群体中。专注于特定区域风险和健康结局的大规模纵向研究对于制定有针对性的干预措施和政策至关重要。
