Veras Mariana Matera, Saldiva Paulo Hilário Nascimento
Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), Departamento de Patologia, Laboratório de Patologia Ambiental e Experimental - LIM05, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), Departamento de Patologia, Laboratório de Patologia Ambiental e Experimental - LIM05, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
J Pediatr (Rio J). 2025 Mar-Apr;101 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S48-S55. doi: 10.1016/j.jped.2024.10.006. Epub 2024 Nov 22.
Besides socioeconomic factors, environmental pollution, and climate change are contemporary threats to health. In this review, the authors present results from a recent comprehensive synthesis of existing research on the effects of air pollution and climate change on gestation, fetal development, and postnatal health.
Findings from systematic reviews conducted over the past five years and available in PubMed were used.
A vast and robust evidence exists on the association between air pollution exposures and negative outcomes. Gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, preeclampsia, spontaneous abortion, and maternal postpartum depression are reported. Fetal development and postnatal health are also impaired by exposures; low birth weight is a common finding from studies worldwide, but there are increased risks for malformations and impairments in neurodevelopment. While there are fewer studies on factors related to climate change, there is sufficient evidence regarding the direct and indirect effects on maternal health and fetal development. Increased risks for prematurity, low birth, and emergency room visits are associated with higher temperatures. Asthma incidence and infectious respiratory disease risks are also influenced by extreme weather events. It is essential to recognize the profound impact that environmental factors, such as air pollution and climate change can have on maternal health, fetal development, and neonatal health.
The data presented underscores the significant risks that environmental pollution poses during gestation, influencing not only maternal health but also the short- and long-term well-being of the child.
除社会经济因素外，环境污染和气候变化是当代对健康的威胁。在本综述中，作者展示了近期对空气污染和气候变化对妊娠、胎儿发育及产后健康影响的现有研究进行全面综合分析的结果。
使用过去五年在PubMed上进行的系统评价的结果。
关于空气污染暴露与不良后果之间的关联存在大量确凿证据。报告了妊娠期糖尿病、妊娠高血压疾病、先兆子痫、自然流产和产妇产后抑郁症。暴露也会损害胎儿发育和产后健康；低出生体重是全球研究中的常见发现，但神经发育畸形和损伤的风险增加。虽然关于与气候变化相关因素的研究较少，但有足够证据证明其对孕产妇健康和胎儿发育的直接和间接影响。早产、低出生体重和急诊就诊风险增加与气温升高有关。极端天气事件也会影响哮喘发病率和传染性呼吸道疾病风险。必须认识到空气污染和气候变化等环境因素对孕产妇健康、胎儿发育和新生儿健康可能产生的深远影响。
所呈现的数据强调了环境污染在妊娠期间带来的重大风险，不仅影响孕产妇健康，还影响儿童的短期和长期福祉。
