Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Jan 17;20(3):1662. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20031662.
Climate change poses one of the greatest risks to human health as air pollution increases, surface temperatures rise, and extreme weather events become more frequent. Environmental exposures related to climate change have a disproportionate effect on pregnant women through influencing food and water security, civil conflicts, extreme weather events, and the spread of disease. Our research team sought to identify the current peer-reviewed research on the effects of climate change-related environmental exposures on perinatal and maternal health in the United States.
A systematic literature review of publications identified through a comprehensive search of the PubMed and Web of Science databases was conducted using a modified Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach. The initial search across both databases identified a combined total of 768 publications. We removed 126 duplicates and 1 quadruplet, and the remaining 639 publications were subjected to our pre-set inclusion and exclusion criteria. We excluded studies outside of the United States. A total of 39 studies met our inclusion criteria and were retained for thematic analysis.
A total of 19 studies investigated the effect of either hot or cold temperature exposure on perinatal and maternal health outcomes. The effect of air pollution on perinatal outcomes was examined in five studies. A total of 19 studies evaluated the association between natural disasters (hurricanes, flash floods, and tropical cyclones) and perinatal and maternal health outcomes. High and low temperature extremes were found to negatively influence neonate and maternal health. Significant associations were found between air pollutant exposure and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Adverse pregnancy outcomes were linked to hurricanes, tropical cyclones, and flash floods.
This systematic review suggests that climate change-related environmental exposures, including extreme temperatures, air pollution, and natural disasters, are significantly associated with adverse perinatal and maternal health outcomes across the United States.
随着空气污染增加、地表温度上升和极端天气事件变得更加频繁，气候变化对人类健康构成了最大的威胁之一。与气候变化相关的环境暴露通过影响食物和水安全、国内冲突、极端天气事件和疾病传播，对孕妇产生了不成比例的影响。我们的研究团队试图确定目前有关气候变化相关环境暴露对美国围产期和产妇健康影响的同行评议研究。
通过对 PubMed 和 Web of Science 数据库进行全面搜索，采用改良的系统评价和荟萃分析（PRISMA）方法进行了系统文献综述。这两个数据库的初步搜索共确定了 768 篇出版物。我们删除了 126 篇重复和 1 篇四重奏，其余 639 篇出版物符合我们设定的纳入和排除标准。我们排除了不在美国进行的研究。共有 39 项研究符合我们的纳入标准，并保留用于主题分析。
共有 19 项研究调查了高温或低温暴露对围产期和产妇健康结果的影响。五项研究考察了空气污染对围产期结局的影响。共有 19 项研究评估了自然灾害（飓风、暴洪和热带气旋）与围产期和产妇健康结果之间的关系。高温和低温极值被发现对新生儿和产妇健康产生负面影响。发现空气污染暴露与不良妊娠结局之间存在显著关联。不良妊娠结局与飓风、热带气旋和暴洪有关。
这项系统综述表明，与气候变化相关的环境暴露，包括极端温度、空气污染和自然灾害，与美国各地不良围产期和产妇健康结果显著相关。
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