The Characteristic Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application, Provincial Department of Education, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Mar 24;24(7):6185. doi: 10.3390/ijms24076185.
Transcription factors (TFs) are important regulators of numerous gene expressions due to their ability to recognize and combine cis-elements in the promoters of target genes. The INDETERMINATE DOMAIN (IDD) gene family belongs to a subfamily of C2H2 zinc finger proteins and has been identified only in terrestrial plants. Nevertheless, little study has been reported concerning the genome-wide analysis of the gene family in maize. In total, 22 genes were identified, which can be distributed on 8 chromosomes in maize. On the basis of evolutionary relationships and conserved motif analysis, ZmIDDs were categorized into three clades (1, 2, and 3), each owning 4, 6, and 12 genes, respectively. We analyzed the characteristics of gene structure and found that 3 of the 22 genes do not contain an intron. Cis-element analysis of the promoter showed that most genes possessed at least one ABRE or MBS cis-element, and some genes owned the AuxRR-core, TCA-element, TC-rich repeats, and LTR cis-element. The Ka:Ks ratio of eight segmentally duplicated gene pairs demonstrated that the gene families had undergone a purifying selection. Then, the transcription levels of were analyzed, and they showed great differences in diverse tissues as well as abiotic stresses. Furthermore, regulatory networks were constructed through the prediction of ZmIDD-targeted genes and miRNAs, which can inhibit the transcription of . In total, 6 and 22 miRNAs were discovered, which can target 180 genes and depress the expression of 9 , respectively. Taken together, the results give us valuable information for studying the function of ZmIDDs involved in plant development and climate resilience in maize.
转录因子（TFs）能够识别和结合靶基因启动子中的顺式元件，因此是调控众多基因表达的重要调控因子。不定域（IDD）基因家族属于 C2H2 锌指蛋白的一个亚家族，仅在陆地植物中被发现。然而，关于玉米中该基因家族的全基因组分析研究甚少。本研究共鉴定到 22 个基因，它们可分布在玉米的 8 条染色体上。基于进化关系和保守基序分析，将 ZmIDDs 分为 3 个分支（1、2 和 3），每个分支分别拥有 4、6 和 12 个基因。我们分析了基因结构的特征，发现 22 个基因中有 3 个不含有内含子。对 启动子的顺式元件分析表明，大多数 基因至少含有一个 ABRE 或 MBS 顺式元件，一些 基因拥有 AuxRR-core、TCA 元件、TC-rich 重复和 LTR 顺式元件。8 对片段重复基因对的 Ka:Ks 比值表明， 基因家族经历了纯化选择。然后，分析了 的转录水平，结果表明它们在不同组织和非生物胁迫下具有很大差异。此外，通过预测 ZmIDD 靶向基因和 miRNA 构建了调控网络，它们可以抑制 的转录。总共发现了 6 个和 22 个 miRNA，它们可以分别靶向 180 个基因和抑制 9 个 的表达。总之，这些结果为研究玉米中 ZmIDDs 参与植物发育和气候适应的功能提供了有价值的信息。
