Department of Environmental Engineering and Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Apr 3;20(7):5379. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20075379.
Using Poland as an example, it was shown that 41.6% of the requests for intervention in 2016-2021 by Environmental Protection Inspections were related to odour nuisance. Further analysis of the statistical data confirmed that approximately 5.4% of wastewater treatment plants in the group of municipal facilities were subject to complaints. Detailed identification of the subject of odour nuisance at wastewater treatment plants identified hydrogen sulphide (HS), ammonia (NH) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as the most common malodorous substances within these facilities. Moreover, the concentrations of hydrogen sulphide and ammonia exceed the reference values for some substances in the air (0.02 mg/m for HS and 0.4 mg/m for NH). A thorough assessment of the properties of these substances made it clear that even in small concentrations they have a negative impact on the human body and the environment, and their degree of nuisance is described as high. In the two WWTPs analysed in Poland (WWTP 1 and WWTP 2), hydrogen sulphide concentrations were in the range of 0-41.86 mg/m (Long-Term Exposure Limit for HS is 7.0 mg/m), ammonia 0-1.43 mg/m and VOCs 0.60-134.79 ppm. The values recognised for HS cause lacrimation, coughing, olfactory impairment, psychomotor agitation, and swelling of the cornea with photophobia. Recognition of the methods used in practice at WWTPs to reduce and control malodorous emissions indicates the possibility of protecting the environment and human health, but these solutions are ignored in most facilities due to the lack of requirements specified in legislation.
以波兰为例，2016-2021 年期间，环境保护监察机构提出的 41.6%的干预请求与恶臭扰民有关。对统计数据的进一步分析证实，在市政设施组中，约有 5.4%的污水处理厂受到投诉。在污水处理厂恶臭源的详细识别中，确定了硫化氢（HS）、氨（NH）和挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）是这些设施中最常见的恶臭物质。此外，硫化氢和氨的浓度超过了空气中某些物质的参考值（HS 为 0.02mg/m，NH 为 0.4mg/m）。对这些物质特性的全面评估表明，即使在低浓度下，它们也会对人体和环境产生负面影响，其扰民程度被描述为高。在波兰分析的两个污水处理厂（污水处理厂 1 和污水处理厂 2）中，硫化氢浓度在 0-41.86mg/m 之间（HS 的长期暴露限值为 7.0mg/m），氨 0-1.43mg/m 和 VOCs 0.60-134.79ppm。HS 的识别值会引起流泪、咳嗽、嗅觉障碍、精神运动兴奋和角膜肿胀伴畏光。在污水处理厂中用于减少和控制恶臭排放的实践方法的识别表明了保护环境和人类健康的可能性，但由于立法中没有规定具体要求，这些解决方案在大多数设施中都被忽视。
