Cheng Yating, Ding Sujuan, Azad Md Abul Kalam, Song Bo, Kong Xiangfeng
Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.
College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100008, China.
Animals (Basel). 2023 Mar 26;13(7):1172. doi: 10.3390/ani13071172.
Small intestinal growth and health affect its digestion and absorption ability, while little information exists about the small intestinal morphology and function differences among the different pig breeds. Therefore, 90 healthy 35 days of age Taoyuan black (TB), Xiangcun black (XB), and Duroc (DR) pigs (30 pigs per breed) with similar body weight (BW) of the same breed were reared to 185 days of age to evaluate the potential relationship between feed efficiency and small intestinal morphology and function at 80, 125, and 185 days of age. The results show that the TB and XB pigs had lower initial and final BW, ADG, and ADFI and plasma CHO and LDL-C levels, whereas they had higher plasma LIP levels and jejunal trypsin, invertase, lactase, and maltase activities and higher DM, ADF, Tyr, Arg, and His digestibility at 80 days of age compared with the DR pigs. At 125 days of age, TB and XB pigs had lower apparent total tract digestibility and plasma CHO, HDL-C, LDL-C, and NH levels; XB pigs had lower DM and NDF digestibility, and TB pigs had higher jejunal lactase and maltase activities. At 185 days of age, TB and XB pigs had lower DM, EE, ADF, and GE digestibility, while having higher plasma ALT and UN levels; TB pigs had higher plasma AST level and jejunal chymase activity. Furthermore, the plasma free amino acid contents, small intestinal VH, and nutrient transporter expression levels differed at different ages. Therefore, the different pig breeds exhibited significantly different growth performance and small intestinal growth, mainly resulting from the differences in digestive enzymes and nutrient transporters in the small intestine.
小肠的生长和健康会影响其消化吸收能力，然而关于不同猪品种之间小肠形态和功能差异的信息却很少。因此，选取90头35日龄、体重相近（同一品种内体重相似）的健康桃源黑猪（TB）、湘村黑猪（XB）和杜洛克猪（DR）（每个品种30头）饲养至185日龄，以评估80日龄、125日龄和185日龄时饲料效率与小肠形态和功能之间的潜在关系。结果表明，与杜洛克猪相比，桃源黑猪和湘村黑猪的初始体重和终末体重、平均日增重、平均日采食量以及血浆总胆固醇（CHO）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）水平较低，而在80日龄时它们的血浆脂肪酶（LIP）水平、空肠胰蛋白酶、转化酶、乳糖酶和麦芽糖酶活性较高，干物质（DM）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）、酪氨酸（Tyr）、精氨酸（Arg）和组氨酸（His）的消化率也较高。在125日龄时，桃源黑猪和湘村黑猪的表观全肠道消化率以及血浆CHO、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、LDL-C和氨（NH）水平较低；湘村黑猪的DM和中性洗涤纤维（NDF）消化率较低，而桃源黑猪的空肠乳糖酶和麦芽糖酶活性较高。在185日龄时，桃源黑猪和湘村黑猪的DM、粗脂肪（EE）、ADF和总能（GE）消化率较低，而血浆谷丙转氨酶（ALT）和尿素氮（UN）水平较高；桃源黑猪的血浆谷草转氨酶（AST）水平和空肠糜酶活性较高。此外，不同年龄阶段血浆游离氨基酸含量、小肠绒毛高度（VH）和营养物质转运蛋白表达水平存在差异。因此，不同猪品种表现出显著不同的生长性能和小肠生长情况，这主要是由小肠中消化酶和营养物质转运蛋白的差异所致。
