Dibazar Zahra Ebrahimvand, Nie Lei, Azizi Mehdi, Nekounam Houra, Hamidi Masoud, Shavandi Amin, Izadi Zhila, Delattre Cédric
Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165687386, Iran.
College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China.
Materials (Basel). 2023 Mar 31;16(7):2799. doi: 10.3390/ma16072799.
Bone tissue engineering integrates biomaterials, cells, and bioactive agents to propose sophisticated treatment options over conventional choices. Scaffolds have central roles in this scenario, and precisely designed and fabricated structures with the highest similarity to bone tissue have shown promising outcomes. On the other hand, using nanotechnology and nanomaterials as the enabling options confers fascinating properties to the scaffolds, such as precisely tailoring the physicochemical features and better interactions with cells and surrounding tissues. Among different nanomaterials, polymeric nanofibers and carbon nanofibers have attracted significant attention due to their similarity to bone extracellular matrix (ECM) and high surface-to-volume ratio. Moreover, bone ECM is a biocomposite of collagen fibers and hydroxyapatite crystals; accordingly, researchers have tried to mimic this biocomposite using the mineralization of various polymeric and carbon nanofibers and have shown that the mineralized nanofibers are promising structures to augment the bone healing process in the tissue engineering scenario. In this paper, we reviewed the bone structure, bone defects/fracture healing process, and various structures/cells/growth factors applicable to bone tissue engineering applications. Then, we highlighted the mineralized polymeric and carbon nanofibers and their fabrication methods.
骨组织工程将生物材料、细胞和生物活性剂整合在一起，以提供比传统选择更先进的治疗方案。在这种情况下，支架起着核心作用，精确设计和制造的与骨组织相似度最高的结构已显示出良好的效果。另一方面，将纳米技术和纳米材料用作实现手段赋予了支架迷人的特性，例如精确调整物理化学特征以及与细胞和周围组织更好的相互作用。在不同的纳米材料中，聚合物纳米纤维和碳纳米纤维因其与骨细胞外基质（ECM）的相似性和高比表面积而备受关注。此外，骨ECM是胶原纤维和羟基磷灰石晶体的生物复合材料；因此，研究人员试图通过各种聚合物和碳纳米纤维的矿化来模拟这种生物复合材料，并表明矿化纳米纤维是在组织工程场景中促进骨愈合过程的有前景的结构。在本文中，我们综述了骨结构、骨缺损/骨折愈合过程以及适用于骨组织工程应用的各种结构/细胞/生长因子。然后，我们重点介绍了矿化聚合物和碳纳米纤维及其制造方法。
