Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Seville, 41004 Seville, Spain.
Camas Health Center, 41900 Camas, Seville, Spain.
Nutrients. 2023 Mar 30;15(7):1688. doi: 10.3390/nu15071688.
There is an urgent need to implement intervention programs to promote adherence to the Mediterranean diet (AMD) in university students to prevent non-communicable diseases. A powerful tool for this is smartphone apps. Furthermore, it is necessary to determine the subgroups that are most likely to benefit from these technologies. The objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of an app (e-12HR) at improving AMD in a sample of Spanish university students and different strata. The study method was a controlled and randomized clinical trial over a four-week follow-up period and involving 385 participants (76.9% women). The participants were in two parallel groups: the control group (CG) and the intervention group (IG), with only the IG receiving feedback to improve their AMD. There were significant statistical improvements (with higher values in the IG) at week four, after no significant statistical differences at baseline (Week One): in the whole sample: +25.7% AMD index and +74.5% percentage with moderate/high AMD index. In the subgroups, seven of eight subgroups, ranging in AMD index from +17.8% (≥20 years) to +33.0% (<20 years); and for males, in weeks two (+27.9%) and three (+23.9%), but not at week four. In conclusion, e-12HR could improve AMD among university students (in the total sample and all subgroups, except ≥25 kg/m).
目前迫切需要实施干预计划，以促进大学生遵守地中海饮食（AMD），从而预防非传染性疾病。智能手机应用程序是一种强有力的工具。此外，还需要确定最有可能从这些技术中受益的亚组人群。本研究旨在评估一款应用程序（e-12HR）在提高西班牙大学生 AMD 方面的有效性及其对不同人群的影响。研究方法为为期四周的随访期的对照和随机临床试验，涉及 385 名参与者（76.9%为女性）。参与者分为两组：对照组（CG）和干预组（IG），仅 IG 组收到反馈以改善其 AMD。在第四周时，IG 组的 AMD 指数提高了 25.7%，而中度/高度 AMD 指数提高了 74.5%，这具有显著的统计学意义（IG 组的数值更高），而在基线时（第一周）则没有显著的统计学差异。在整个样本中，AMD 指数提高了 25.7%，中度/高度 AMD 指数提高了 74.5%。在亚组中，AMD 指数从+17.8%（≥20 岁）到+33.0%（<20 岁）的七个亚组中的八个亚组中均有统计学意义；对于男性，在第二周（+27.9%）和第三周（+23.9%）时也有统计学意义，但在第四周时没有统计学意义。总之，e-12HR 可以改善大学生的 AMD（在总体样本和所有亚组中，除≥25kg/m 外）。
