Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal (INBIOFIV), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán T4000CBG, Argentina.
Instituto de Morfología Vegetal, Fundación M. Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, San Miguel de Tucumán T4000JFE, Argentina.
Molecules. 2023 Feb 1;28(3):1396. doi: 10.3390/molecules28031396.
Tobacco cultivation and industrialization are characterized by the production of trillions of pre-harvest and post-harvest waste biomasses each year with the resulting negative effects on the environment. The leaves of blunt, pre-harvest waste, could be further used to obtain bioactive metabolites, i.e., polyphenols and alkaloids, for its potential cosmetic use. This study was conducted to obtain bio-compounds from pre-harvest tobacco leaf waste (var. Virginia) by applying conventional and green solvents (NaDES). Leaves and ground leaf waste were characterized based on their microscopic features. Conventional solvents, such as water, acetone, ethanol, and non-conventional solvents, such as Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NaDES), i.e., sucrose:lactic acid (LAS), frutose:glucose:sucrose (FGS), lactic acid:sucrose:water (SALA), choline chloride:urea (CU), and citric acid: propylene glycol (CAP) were used for bioactive extraction from tobacco waste powder. CU, FGS, and acetone/ethanol had similar behavior for the best extraction of alkaloids (6.37-11.23 mg ACE/g tobacco powder). LAS, FGS, SALA, and CU were more effective in phenolic compound extraction than conventional solvents (18.13-21.98 mg AGE/g tobacco powder). Because of this, LAS and SALA could be used to obtain phenolic-enriched extracts with lower alkaloid content rather than CU and FGS. Extracts of the powder obtained with conventional solvent or CU showed a high level of sugars (47 mg/g tobacco powder) The ABTS antioxidant capacity of tobacco leaf powder was higher in the extracts obtained with CU, FGS, and acetone (SC 1.6-5 µg GAE/mL) while HO scavenging activity was better in the extracts obtained with LAS, CAP and SALA (SC 3.8-8.7 µg GAE/mL). Due to the biocompatibility of the NaDES with the components of tobacco leaf waste, the opportunity to apply these extracts directly in antioxidant formulations, such as cosmetics, phytotherapic, and other formulations of topic use seems promising. Furthermore, NaDES constituents, i.e., urea and organic acid can also have beneficial effects on the skin.
烟草种植和工业化的特点是每年生产数以万亿计的收获前和收获后废物生物质，对环境造成负面影响。未收割的碎烟叶废物可进一步用于获得生物活性代谢物，如多酚和生物碱，用于其潜在的化妆品用途。本研究旨在通过应用常规和绿色溶剂（NaDES）从收获前烟草叶废物（弗吉尼亚品种）中获得生物化合物。对叶片和粉碎的叶废物进行了基于微观特征的表征。常规溶剂，如水、丙酮、乙醇和非常规溶剂，如天然深共晶溶剂（NaDES），即蔗糖：乳酸（LAS）、果糖：葡萄糖：蔗糖（FGS）、乳酸：蔗糖：水（SALA）、氯化胆碱：尿素（CU）和柠檬酸：丙二醇（CAP），用于从烟草废物粉末中提取生物活性物质。CU、FGS 和丙酮/乙醇在最佳提取生物碱方面表现相似（6.37-11.23mgACE/g 烟草粉末）。LAS、FGS、SALA 和 CU 比常规溶剂更有效地提取酚类化合物（18.13-21.98mgAGE/g 烟草粉末）。因此，LAS 和 SALA 可用于获得酚类化合物含量较低的富酚提取物，而不是 CU 和 FGS。用常规溶剂或 CU 提取的粉末提取物含有高水平的糖（47mg/g 烟草粉末）。CU、FGS 和丙酮提取的烟草叶粉 ABTS 抗氧化能力较高（SC1.6-5µgGAE/mL），而 LAS、CAP 和 SALA 提取的 HO 清除活性较好（SC3.8-8.7µgGAE/mL）。由于 NaDES 与烟草叶废物成分的生物相容性，有机会直接将这些提取物应用于抗氧化制剂，如化妆品、植物疗法和其他局部使用制剂，似乎很有前途。此外，NaDES 成分，如尿素和有机酸，也可能对皮肤有有益的影响。
