Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Islamic University of Technology, Gazipur 1704, Bangladesh.
Sensors (Basel). 2023 Mar 30;23(7):3604. doi: 10.3390/s23073604.
Three-dimensional video services delivered through wireless communication channels have to deal with numerous challenges due to the limitations of both the transmission channel's bandwidth and receiving devices. Adverse channel conditions, delays, or jitters can result in bit errors and packet losses, which can alter the appearance of stereoscopic 3D (S3D) video. Due to the perception of dissimilar patterns by the two human eyes, they can not be fused into a stable composite pattern in the brain and hence try to dominate by suppressing each other. Thus, a psychovisual sensation that is called binocular rivalry occurs. As a result, undetectable changes causing irritating flickering effects are seen, leading to visual discomforts such as eye strain, headache, nausea, and weariness. This study addresses the observer's quality of experience (QoE) by analyzing the binocular rivalry impact on the macroblock (MB) losses in a frame and its error propagation due to predictive frame encoding in stereoscopic video transmission systems. To simulate the processing of experimental videos, the Joint Test Model (JM) reference software has been used as it is recommended by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). Existing error concealing techniques were then applied to the contiguous lost MBs for a variety of transmission impairments. In order to validate the authenticity of the simulated packet loss environment, several objective evaluations were carried out. Standard numbers of subjects were then engaged in the subjective testing of common 3D video sequences. The results were then statistically examined using a standard Student's t-test, allowing the impact of binocular rivalry to be compared to that of a non-rivalry error condition. The major goal is to assure error-free video communication by minimizing the negative impacts of binocular rivalry and boosting the ability to efficiently integrate 3D video material to improve viewers' overall QoE.
通过无线通信通道提供的三维视频服务由于传输通道带宽和接收设备的限制，必须应对许多挑战。不利的信道条件、延迟或抖动会导致位错误和数据包丢失，从而改变立体 3D (S3D) 视频的外观。由于人眼感知到的两个模式不同，它们不能在大脑中融合成一个稳定的复合模式，因此会试图通过相互抑制来主导。因此，会出现一种称为双目竞争的视知觉现象。结果，会看到不可检测的变化导致令人烦躁的闪烁效果，导致视觉不适，如眼疲劳、头痛、恶心和疲劳。本研究通过分析双目竞争对帧中宏块 (MB) 丢失的影响及其在立体视频传输系统中由于预测帧编码导致的错误传播，来研究观察者的体验质量 (QoE)。为了模拟实验视频的处理，使用了联合测试模型 (JM) 参考软件，因为国际电信联盟 (ITU) 推荐使用该软件。然后，将现有的错误隐藏技术应用于各种传输损伤的连续丢失的 MB。为了验证模拟丢包环境的真实性，进行了多次客观评估。然后让一定数量的标准受试者参与常见的 3D 视频序列的主观测试。然后使用标准的学生 t 检验对结果进行统计检验，以便将双目竞争的影响与非竞争错误条件进行比较。主要目标是通过最小化双目竞争的负面影响并提高有效集成 3D 视频材料的能力来确保无错误的视频通信，从而提高观众的整体 QoE。
