National Danish Center for Psychotraumatology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
Center for Public Health, Queen's University, Belfast, UK.
Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2023;14(1):2173764. doi: 10.1080/20008066.2023.2173764.
Children with disabilities are at heightened risk of violence compared to their non-disabled peers. However, extant research suffers from several limitations, focusing on child abuse and one or few types of disability, ignoring conventional violent crimes. The aim was to assess 10 disabilities and to examine whether different disabilities vary in their risk of criminal victimization. Using the Danish Psychiatric Case Register, the Criminal Register, and other population-based registers, we included nine birth cohorts ( = 570,351) and followed them until 18 years of age. We compared children exposed to violence with non-exposed children. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) for the disabilities and adjusted the ORs for several risk factors. We identified 12,830 cases of reported violence (2.25% of the population) towards children and adolescents. Children with disabilities were overrepresented, as were boys and ethnic minorities. After controlling for risk factors, four disabilities had heightened risk for criminal violence: attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), brain injury, speech, and physical disabilities. When we compared risk factors controlling for the various disabilities, parental history of violence, family break-up, out-of-home placement, and parental unemployment contributed especially to the violence, while parental alcohol/drug abuse was no longer a predictor. Having several disabilities increased the risk of violence. Criminal victimization of children and adolescents with specific disabilities was common. However, compared to the previous decade, a considerable reduction of one-third has taken place. Four risk factors contributed particularly to the risk of violence; therefore, precautions should be taken to further reduce the violence.
与非残疾同龄人相比，残疾儿童遭受暴力的风险更高。然而，现有研究存在几个局限性，主要关注儿童虐待和一种或几种残疾类型，而忽略了常规的暴力犯罪。本研究旨在评估 10 种残疾类型，并研究不同残疾类型在犯罪受害风险方面是否存在差异。研究使用丹麦精神病患者登记处、犯罪登记处和其他基于人群的登记处，共纳入了九个出生队列（ = 570,351），并对他们进行了 18 岁以下的随访。我们将暴露于暴力的儿童与未暴露于暴力的儿童进行了比较。我们估计了残疾儿童的比值比（OR），并对 OR 进行了多项风险因素调整。我们共确定了 12,830 例针对儿童和青少年的暴力报告（占人口的 2.25%）。残疾儿童的比例过高，男孩和少数民族儿童的比例也过高。在控制了风险因素后，有四种残疾类型与刑事暴力风险增加相关：注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）、脑损伤、言语和身体残疾。当我们比较控制各种残疾类型的风险因素时，父母的暴力史、家庭破裂、离家出走和父母失业尤其会导致暴力，而父母的酒精/药物滥用不再是一个预测因素。患有多种残疾会增加遭受暴力的风险。具有特定残疾的儿童和青少年遭受刑事受害的情况很常见。然而，与前十年相比，暴力减少了三分之一。有四个风险因素对暴力风险的贡献尤其大；因此，应采取预防措施进一步降低暴力风险。
