Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
Contraception Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA.
Science. 2023 Apr 14;380(6641):154-158. doi: 10.1126/science.adf9341. Epub 2023 Apr 13.
Modern contraception ushered in an era of improved family planning, but more than 60 years after approval of "the pill," product gaps and unmet needs still exist. Nearly 250 million women worldwide who want to delay or avoid pregnancy do so ineffectively or not at all, and the principal mechanism of male contraception, condoms, has not changed in 100 years. As a result, about half of the pregnancies that occur globally each year are unintended. Increasing contraceptive options and uptake will curtail abortions, empower women and men, promote healthy families, and moderate population growth that overtaxes the environment. This Review addresses the history of contraception, shortcomings in contraceptive methods, promising approaches for male and female contraception, and simultaneous protection against unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections.
现代避孕技术开创了计划生育改良的时代，但在“避孕药”获得批准 60 多年后，产品差距和未满足的需求仍然存在。全世界有近 2.5 亿名希望推迟或避免怀孕的女性，其避孕效果不佳或根本无法避孕，而男性避孕的主要手段——避孕套，100 年来没有任何改变。因此，全球每年发生的妊娠中，大约有一半是意外妊娠。增加避孕选择和采用率将减少堕胎，增强男女双方的权能，促进健康家庭，并适度控制人口增长，减少对环境的过度负担。这篇综述讨论了避孕的历史、避孕方法的缺陷、有前途的男用和女用避孕方法，以及同时预防非意愿妊娠和性传播感染。
