Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Center for RNA Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
Department of Molecular Genetics and Center for RNA Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43235, USA
RNA. 2023 Jul;29(7):898-957. doi: 10.1261/rna.079620.123. Epub 2023 Apr 13.
The study of eukaryotic tRNA processing has given rise to an explosion of new information and insights in the last several years. We now have unprecedented knowledge of each step in the tRNA processing pathway, revealing unexpected twists in biochemical pathways, multiple new connections with regulatory pathways, and numerous biological effects of defects in processing steps that have profound consequences throughout eukaryotes, leading to growth phenotypes in the yeast and to neurological and other disorders in humans. This review highlights seminal new results within the pathways that comprise the life of a tRNA, from its birth after transcription until its death by decay. We focus on new findings and revelations in each step of the pathway including the end-processing and splicing steps, many of the numerous modifications throughout the main body and anticodon loop of tRNA that are so crucial for tRNA function, the intricate tRNA trafficking pathways, and the quality control decay pathways, as well as the biogenesis and biology of tRNA-derived fragments. We also describe the many interactions of these pathways with signaling and other pathways in the cell.
近年来，对真核 tRNA 加工的研究产生了大量新信息和新见解。我们现在对 tRNA 加工途径的每一步都有了前所未有的了解，揭示了生化途径中出人意料的曲折，与调节途径的多个新联系，以及加工步骤缺陷的许多生物学影响，这些影响在真核生物中具有深远的后果，导致酵母生长表型，以及人类神经和其他疾病。这篇综述突出了构成 tRNA 生命的途径中的重要新结果，从转录后的诞生到通过衰变死亡。我们专注于该途径中每个步骤的新发现和启示，包括末端加工和剪接步骤、tRNA 主体和反密码环中许多对 tRNA 功能至关重要的众多修饰、错综复杂的 tRNA 运输途径以及质量控制衰变途径，以及 tRNA 衍生片段的生物发生和生物学。我们还描述了这些途径与细胞中信号转导和其他途径的许多相互作用。
