Community Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Social Determinant of Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Science, Khorramabad, Iran.
Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Science, Khorramabad, Iran.
J Prev Med Public Health. 2023 Mar;56(2):172-179. doi: 10.3961/jpmph.22.540. Epub 2023 Mar 14.
Vaccination is an important intervention for preventing disease and reducing disease severity. Universal vaccination programs have significantly reduced the incidence of many dangerous diseases among children worldwide. This study investigated the side effects after immunization in infants under 1 year of age in Lorestan Province, western Iran.
This descriptive analytical study included data from all children <1 year old in Lorestan Province, Iran who were vaccinated according to the national schedule in 2020 and had an adverse event following immunization (AEFI). Data were extracted from 1084 forms on age, sex, birth weight, type of birth, AEFI type, vaccine type, and time of vaccination. Descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage) were calculated, and the chi-square test and Fisher exact test were used to assess differences in AEFIs according to the abovelisted variables.
The most frequent AEFIs were high fever (n=386, 35.6%), mild local reaction (n=341, 31.5%), and swelling and pain (n=121, 11.2%). The least common AEFIs were encephalitis (n=1, 0.1%), convulsion (n=2, 0.2%), and nodules (n=3, 0.3%). Girls and boys only showed significant differences in mild local reactions (p=0.044) and skin allergies (p=0.002). The incidence of lymphadenitis (p<0.001), severe local reaction (p<0.001), mild local reaction (p=0.007), fainting (p=0.032), swelling and pain (p=0.006), high fever (p=0.005), and nodules (p<0.001) showed significant differences based on age at vaccination.
Immunization is a fundamental public health policy for controlling vaccine-preventable infectious diseases. Although vaccines such as the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine, oral poliovirus vaccine, and pentavalent vaccine are well-researched and reliable, AEFIs are inevitable.
接种疫苗是预防疾病和减轻疾病严重程度的重要干预措施。全球范围内的普遍疫苗接种计划显著降低了许多危险疾病在儿童中的发病率。本研究调查了伊朗西部洛雷斯坦省 1 岁以下婴儿接种疫苗后的副作用。
这是一项描述性分析研究，包括 2020 年根据国家计划在伊朗洛雷斯坦省接种疫苗且发生疫苗不良反应（AEFI）的所有<1 岁儿童的数据。从 1084 份表格中提取了年龄、性别、出生体重、出生方式、AEFI 类型、疫苗类型和接种时间等数据。计算了描述性统计数据（频率、百分比），并使用卡方检验和 Fisher 确切检验评估了 AEFI 按上述变量的差异。
最常见的 AEFI 是高热（n=386，35.6%）、轻度局部反应（n=341，31.5%）和肿胀和疼痛（n=121，11.2%）。最不常见的 AEFI 是脑炎（n=1，0.1%）、惊厥（n=2，0.2%）和结节（n=3，0.3%）。仅女孩和男孩在轻度局部反应（p=0.044）和皮肤过敏（p=0.002）方面存在显著差异。淋巴结炎（p<0.001）、严重局部反应（p<0.001）、轻度局部反应（p=0.007）、晕厥（p=0.032）、肿胀和疼痛（p=0.006）、高热（p=0.005）和结节（p<0.001）的发生率因接种疫苗时的年龄而异。
免疫接种是控制疫苗可预防传染病的基本公共卫生政策。尽管卡介苗、口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗和五联疫苗等疫苗经过了充分的研究和验证，但仍不可避免地会出现不良反应。
