Division of Digestive Health and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023 Jul;21(8):1992-2000. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2023.03.043. Epub 2023 Apr 13.
There are well-described racial and ethnic disparities in the burden of chronic liver diseases. Hispanic persons are at highest risk for developing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, the fastest growing cause of liver disease. Hepatitis B disproportionately affects persons of Asian or African descent. The highest rates of hepatitis C occur in American Indian and Alaskan Native populations. In addition to disparities in disease burden, there are also marked racial and ethnic disparities in access to treatments, including liver transplantation. Disparities also exist by gender and geography, especially in alcohol-related liver disease. To achieve health equity, we must address the root causes that drive these inequities. Understanding the role that social determinants of health play in the disparate health outcomes that are currently observed is critically important. We must forge and/or strengthen collaborations between patients, community members, other key stakeholders, health care providers, health care institutions, professional societies, and legislative bodies. Herein, we provide a high-level review of current disparities in chronic liver disease and describe actionable strategies that have potential to bridge gaps, improve quality, and promote equity in liver care.
慢性肝脏疾病的负担存在明显的种族和民族差异。西班牙裔人群患非酒精性脂肪性肝病的风险最高,该病是导致肝脏疾病的增长最快的原因。乙型肝炎 disproportionately 影响亚洲或非裔美国人。丙型肝炎的最高发病率发生在美国印第安人和阿拉斯加原住民中。除了疾病负担方面的差异外,在治疗方法(包括肝移植)的获取方面也存在明显的种族和民族差异。在性别和地理位置方面也存在差异,特别是在与酒精相关的肝脏疾病方面。为了实现健康公平,我们必须解决导致这些不平等的根本原因。了解社会决定因素在目前观察到的不同健康结果中所起的作用至关重要。我们必须在患者、社区成员、其他利益攸关方、医疗保健提供者、医疗机构、专业协会和立法机构之间建立和/或加强合作。在此,我们对慢性肝脏疾病的当前差异进行了高级别综述,并描述了潜在的可行策略,这些策略有可能弥合差距、提高质量,并促进肝脏护理的公平性。