Department of Experimental Psychology, Regensburg University, 93040, Regensburg, Germany.
Sci Rep. 2023 Apr 15;13(1):6128. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-32916-7.
Retrieval practice performed shortly upon the encoding of information benefits recall of the retrieved information but causes forgetting of nonretrieved information. Here, we show that the forgetting effect on the nonretrieved information can quickly evolve into recall enhancement when retrieval practice is delayed. During a time window of twenty minutes upon the encoding of information, the forgetting effect observed shortly after encoding first disappeared and then turned into recall enhancement when the temporal lag between encoding and retrieval practice was prolonged. Strikingly, recall enhancement continued to emerge when retrieval practice was postponed up to one week. The results illustrate a fast transition from the forgetting of nonretrieved information to recall enhancement. This fast transition is of relevance for daily life, in which retrieval is often selective and delayed.
检索练习在信息编码后不久进行，有利于回忆起检索到的信息，但会导致非检索信息的遗忘。在这里，我们表明，当检索练习被延迟时，非检索信息的遗忘效应会迅速演变成回忆增强。在信息编码后的二十分钟时间窗口内，当编码和检索练习之间的时间间隔延长时，编码后不久观察到的遗忘效应首先消失，然后转变为回忆增强。引人注目的是，当检索练习被推迟到一周时，回忆增强仍持续出现。研究结果表明，非检索信息的遗忘会迅速转变为回忆增强。这种快速转变与日常生活中检索的选择性和延迟性有关。
