Water Technology Centre, Water and Effluent Treatment IC, Larsen and Toubro, Kancheepuram, 631561, Tamil Nadu, India.
Water Technology Centre, Water and Effluent Treatment IC, Larsen and Toubro, Kancheepuram, 631561, Tamil Nadu, India; Water and Effluent Treatment IC, Larsen and Toubro, Chennai, 600089, Tamil Nadu, India.
Chemosphere. 2023 Jul;330:138694. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138694. Epub 2023 Apr 14.
India faces high incidents of waterborne disease outbreaks owing to their limited access to safe drinking water. In many ways, the effort to improve the quality of drinking water is performed, and it has been keenly monitored. Among those, the disinfection of drinking water is considered a necessary and important step as it controls the microbial population. Chlorination is the most practiced (greater than 80%) disinfection process in India, and it is known to generate various disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Although the toxicity and trend of DBPs are regularly monitored and investigated in most countries, still in India, the research is at the toddler level. This review summarizes i) the status of drinking water disinfection in India, ii) types of disinfection processes in centralized water treatment plants, iii) concentrations and occurrence patterns of DBPs in a different region of India, iv) a literature survey on the toxicity of DBPs, and v) removal methodologies or alternative technologies to mitigate the DBPs formation. Overall, this review may act as a roadmap to understand the trend of disinfection practices in India and their impacts on securing the goal of safe drinking water for all.
印度由于其有限的安全饮用水供应，面临着高发的水传播疾病事件。在许多方面，改善饮用水质量的努力已经得到了实施，并得到了密切监测。其中，饮用水消毒被认为是必要且重要的一步，因为它可以控制微生物种群。氯化是印度应用最广泛（超过 80%）的消毒工艺，已知会产生各种消毒副产物（DBPs）。尽管大多数国家都定期监测和调查 DBPs 的毒性和趋势，但在印度，相关研究仍处于起步阶段。本综述总结了：i）印度饮用水消毒的现状；ii）集中式水处理厂的消毒工艺类型；iii）印度不同地区 DBPs 的浓度和出现模式；iv）DBPs 毒性的文献调查；以及 v）减轻 DBPs 形成的去除方法或替代技术。总的来说，这篇综述可以作为一个路线图，了解印度消毒实践的趋势及其对确保所有人都能获得安全饮用水目标的影响。
