Bagali Smitha, Kakhandaki Laxmi, Karigoudar Rashmi, Wavare Sanjay, Shahapur Praveen R, Patil Mallanagouda M
Department of Microbiology, BLDE(DU)'s Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Vijayapura, Karnataka, India.
Department of Pediatrics, BLDE(DU)'s Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Vijayapura, Karnataka, India.
J Lab Physicians. 2022 Dec 5;15(1):110-116. doi: 10.1055/s-0042-1757234. eCollection 2023 Mar.
The most frequent etiologies of viral gastroenteritis among young children are rotavirus and enteric adenovirus. The clinical signs and symptoms of viral gastroenteritis are not distinct enough to allow for diagnosis. For the diagnosis and treatment of acute gastroenteritis, it is preferable to use quick, simple, and low-cost procedures. This study was undertaken to determine efficacy of immune-chromatography test (ICT) in comparison with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect rotavirus and adenovirus antigen in fecal specimen among children less than 5 years of age with acute gastroenteritis. In a cross-sectional observational study, 314 fecal samples were collected from children aged less than 5 years with acute gastroenteritis attending or admitted to a tertiary care hospital during the 1 year study period. Samples were tested for rotavirus and adenovirus antigen using ICT and ELISA. Among the 314 children evaluated, 112 (35.66%) had rotavirus infection, nine (2.86%) had adenovirus infection, and three (0.95%) had both rotavirus and adenovirus infection. This study found that ICT is 98.20% sensitive and 100% specific for the diagnosis of rotaviral diarrhea and 100% sensitive and 99.7% specific for adenovirus diarrhea, compared to ELISA. Immunochromatography tests used for the detection of rotavirus and adenovirus in the fecal sample showed a high degree of sensitivity and specificity. The ICT is easy to perform and rapid, and it does not require any special equipment. Hence, the ICT could be used as an alternative method for detecting viral pathogens in clinical practice.
幼儿病毒性胃肠炎最常见的病因是轮状病毒和肠道腺病毒。病毒性胃肠炎的临床体征和症状不够明显，无法据此进行诊断。对于急性胃肠炎的诊断和治疗，最好采用快速、简单且低成本的方法。本研究旨在确定免疫层析试验（ICT）与酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）相比，在检测5岁以下急性胃肠炎儿童粪便标本中轮状病毒和腺病毒抗原方面的有效性。
在一项横断面观察性研究中，在为期1年的研究期间，从一家三级护理医院就诊或住院的5岁以下急性胃肠炎儿童中收集了314份粪便样本。使用ICT和ELISA对样本进行轮状病毒和腺病毒抗原检测。
在评估的314名儿童中，112名（35.66%）感染了轮状病毒，9名（2.86%）感染了腺病毒，3名（0.95%）同时感染了轮状病毒和腺病毒。与ELISA相比，本研究发现ICT诊断轮状病毒腹泻的敏感性为98.20%，特异性为100%；诊断腺病毒腹泻的敏感性为100%，特异性为99.7%。
用于检测粪便样本中轮状病毒和腺病毒的免疫层析试验显示出高度的敏感性和特异性。ICT操作简便、快速，不需要任何特殊设备。因此，ICT可作为临床实践中检测病毒病原体的替代方法。
