Students' Scientific Society at the Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, The Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, The Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023 Mar 31;14:1121303. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1121303. eCollection 2023.
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is one of the most common chronic autoimmune diseases, characterized by absolute insulin deficiency caused inflammatory destruction of the pancreatic β-cell. Genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors play a role in the development of diseases. Almost ⅕ of cases involve people under the age of 20. In recent years, the incidence of both T1D and obesity has been increasing, especially among children, adolescents, and young people. In addition, according to the latest study, the prevalence of overweight or obesity in people with T1D has increased significantly. The risk factors of weight gain included using exogenous insulin, intensifying insulin therapy, fear of hypoglycemia and related decrease in physical activity, and psychological factors, such as emotional eating and binge eating. It has also been suggested that T1D may be a complication of obesity. The relationship between body size in childhood, increase in body mass index values in late adolescence and the development of T1D in young adulthood is considered. Moreover, the coexistence of T1D and T2D is increasingly observed, this situation is called double or hybrid diabetes. This is associated with an increased risk of the earlier development of dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and consequently a shortening of life. Thus, the purpose of this review was to summarize the relationships between overweight or obesity and T1D.
1 型糖尿病（T1D）是最常见的慢性自身免疫性疾病之一，其特征是由于胰腺β细胞的炎症性破坏导致绝对胰岛素缺乏。遗传、表观遗传和环境因素在疾病的发展中起作用。几乎有五分之一的病例涉及 20 岁以下的人群。近年来，T1D 和肥胖症的发病率都在增加，尤其是在儿童、青少年和年轻人中。此外，根据最新研究，T1D 患者超重或肥胖的患病率显著增加。体重增加的危险因素包括使用外源性胰岛素、强化胰岛素治疗、对低血糖的恐惧以及相关的体力活动减少，以及心理因素，如情绪性进食和暴食。也有人认为 T1D 可能是肥胖的并发症。研究人员考虑了儿童时期的体型、青春期后期体重指数值的增加与成年早期 T1D 的发展之间的关系。此外，越来越多的观察到 T1D 和 T2D 同时存在，这种情况称为双重或混合性糖尿病。这与血脂异常、心血管疾病、癌症的风险增加以及寿命缩短有关。因此，本综述的目的是总结超重或肥胖与 T1D 之间的关系。
