Cereseto S, Waitzkin H
Am J Public Health. 1986 Jun;76(6):661-6. doi: 10.2105/ajph.76.6.661.
This study compared capitalist and socialist countries in measures of the physical quality of life (PQL), taking into account the level of economic development. The World Bank was the principal source of statistical data for 123 countries (97 per cent of the world's population). PQL variables included: indicators of health, health services, and nutrition (infant mortality rate, child death rate, life expectancy, population per physician, population per nursing person, and daily per capita calorie supply); measures of education (adult literacy rate, enrollment in secondary education, and enrollment in higher education); and a composite PQL index. Capitalist countries fell across the entire range of economic development (measured by gross national product per capita), while the socialist countries appeared at the low-income, lower-middle-income, and upper-middle-income levels. All PQL measures improved as economic development increased. In 28 of 30 comparisons between countries at similar levels of economic development, socialist countries showed more favorable PQL outcomes.
本研究在考虑经济发展水平的情况下，对资本主义国家和社会主义国家的生活物质质量（PQL）指标进行了比较。世界银行是123个国家（占世界人口的97%）统计数据的主要来源。PQL变量包括：健康、医疗服务和营养指标（婴儿死亡率、儿童死亡率、预期寿命、每千人口医生数、每千人口护士数以及人均每日卡路里供应量）；教育指标（成人识字率、中等教育入学率和高等教育入学率）；以及一个综合PQL指数。资本主义国家分布在整个经济发展范围内（以人均国民生产总值衡量），而社会主义国家则出现在低收入、中低收入和中高收入水平。随着经济发展水平的提高，所有PQL指标都有所改善。在经济发展水平相近的国家之间进行的30项比较中，有28项显示社会主义国家的PQL结果更为有利。
