Wei Lin-Wei, Qiao Jian-Jun
Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, China.
Mycopathologia. 2023 Oct;188(5):563-569. doi: 10.1007/s11046-023-00731-3. Epub 2023 Apr 17.
Tinea capitis is a widespread superficial fungal infection that affects children predominately. Microscopic examination and fungal culture are the conventional gold standards for diagnosis, but they are insensitive and time-consuming. In recent years, new diagnostic methods have been developed to facilitate the diagnosis and identification of causative pathogens. Trichoscopy examination showed high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing tinea capitis with the characteristic signs of comma hairs, corkscrew hairs, bar code-like hairs and zigzag hairs. Reflectance confocal microscopy has also been used in the rapid diagnosis of tinea capitis in several studies. Molecular assays such as polymerase chain reaction and matrix-assisted desorption/ionization time to flight mass spectrometry are extensively utilized for rapid and accurate identification of the pathogens. Early diagnosis and treatment can aid in disease control and scarring reduction.
头癣是一种广泛传播的浅表真菌感染，主要影响儿童。显微镜检查和真菌培养是传统的诊断金标准，但它们不够灵敏且耗时。近年来，已开发出新的诊断方法以促进致病病原体的诊断和鉴定。毛发镜检查对头癣的诊断具有高灵敏度和特异性，其特征性表现为逗号状毛发、螺旋状毛发、条形码样毛发和锯齿状毛发。在多项研究中，反射式共聚焦显微镜也已用于头癣的快速诊断。聚合酶链反应和基质辅助激光解吸/电离飞行时间质谱等分子检测方法被广泛用于快速准确地鉴定病原体。早期诊断和治疗有助于控制疾病并减少瘢痕形成。
