Šoch Jan, Šonka Josef, Ponert Jan
Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 44, Prague, Czech Republic.
Prague Botanical Garden, Trojská 800/196, 171 00, Prague, Czech Republic.
Bot Stud. 2023 Apr 17;64(1):9. doi: 10.1186/s40529-023-00374-z.
Vanilla planifolia is the most widely cultivated species of vanilla with high economic importance. However, seed germination under artificial conditions is difficult and yields low germination percentages. The seeds are adapted to endozoochorous dispersal, and we therefore tried to simulate the conditions in the digestive tract by acid scarification of seeds.
Immature seeds lacking dormancy, used as a control, showed the highest germination percentage. Among the treatments tested for mature seeds, the hydrochloric acid treatments were significantly the best in breaking dormancy and inducing germination, irrespective of the acid concentration and the presence of pepsin. Conventional treatment with a hypochlorite solution induced much lower germination percentage. Sulphuric acid at concentration 50% was too strong and caused damage to the seeds. Important factor is also high cultivation temperature 30 °C as there was nearly no germination at 25 °C.
Our protocol significantly improves the efficiency of generative propagation of vanilla and allows for significantly higher germination percentages than previously described. The strongly positive effect of hydrochloric acid may be related to the adaptation of seeds to endozoochorous dispersal.
香荚兰是最广泛种植的香荚兰品种，具有很高的经济重要性。然而，在人工条件下种子萌发困难，发芽率低。种子适应内果皮传播，因此我们试图通过对种子进行酸蚀来模拟消化道中的条件。
作为对照的缺乏休眠的未成熟种子发芽率最高。在对成熟种子进行的测试处理中，无论酸浓度和胃蛋白酶的存在与否，盐酸处理在打破休眠和诱导发芽方面均显著最佳。用次氯酸盐溶液进行的常规处理诱导的发芽率要低得多。浓度为50%的硫酸太强，会对种子造成损害。重要因素还有较高的培养温度30°C，因为在25°C时几乎不发芽。
我们的方案显著提高了香荚兰有性繁殖的效率，发芽率比先前描述的要高得多。盐酸的强烈积极作用可能与种子对内果皮传播的适应性有关。
