Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Nat Rev Immunol. 2023 Nov;23(11):720-734. doi: 10.1038/s41577-023-00858-w. Epub 2023 Apr 17.
Neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) are being increasingly used as passive antiviral reagents in prophylactic and therapeutic modalities and to guide viral vaccine design. In vivo, nAbs can mediate antiviral functions through several mechanisms, including neutralization, which is defined by in vitro assays in which nAbs block viral entry to target cells, and antibody effector functions, which are defined by in vitro assays that evaluate nAbs against viruses and infected cells in the presence of effector systems. Interpreting in vivo results in terms of these in vitro assays is challenging but important in choosing optimal passive antibody and vaccine strategies. Here, I review findings from many different viruses and conclude that, although some generalizations are possible, deciphering the relative contributions of different antiviral mechanisms to the in vivo efficacy of antibodies currently requires consideration of individual antibody-virus interactions.
中和抗体（nAbs）正越来越多地被用作预防性和治疗性手段中的被动抗病毒试剂，并用于指导病毒疫苗的设计。在体内，nAbs 可以通过多种机制介导抗病毒功能，包括中和作用，这是通过体外实验来定义的，其中 nAbs 阻断病毒进入靶细胞的过程，以及抗体效应功能，这是通过体外实验来评估 nAbs 对病毒和感染细胞的作用来定义的，这些实验是在效应系统存在的情况下进行的。根据这些体外实验来解释体内结果具有挑战性，但在选择最佳的被动抗体和疫苗策略方面非常重要。在这里，我回顾了来自许多不同病毒的研究结果，并得出结论，尽管可以进行一些概括，但要确定不同抗病毒机制对抗体在体内疗效的相对贡献，目前还需要考虑单个抗体-病毒相互作用。
