Wong Y Joel
Counseling & Educational Psychology Department, Indiana University, 201 N. Rose Ave, Bloomington, IN 47401 USA.
Affect Sci. 2022 Oct 5;4(1):152-162. doi: 10.1007/s42761-022-00136-3. eCollection 2023 Mar.
How can gratitude interventions be designed to produce meaningful and enduring effects on people's well-being? To address this question, the author proposes the Catalyst Model of Change-this novel, practical, and empirically testable model posits five socially oriented behavioral pathways that channel the long-term effects of gratitude interventions as well as how to augment gratitude experiences in interventions to boost treatment effects and catalyze these behavioral pathways. Specifically, interventions that enhance the frequency, skills, intensity, temporal span, and variety of gratitude experiences are likely to catalyze the following post-intervention socially oriented behaviors: (a) social support-seeking behaviors, (b) prosocial behaviors, (c) relationship initiation and enhancement behaviors, (d) participation in mastery-oriented social activities, and (e) reduced maladaptive interpersonal behaviors, which, in turn, produce long-term psychological well-being. A unique feature of the Catalyst Model of Change is that gratitude experiences are broadly conceptualized to include not just gratitude emotions, cognitions, and disclosures, but also expressing, receiving, witnessing, and responding to interpersonal gratitude. To this end, gratitude interventions that provide multiple opportunities for social experiences of gratitude (e.g., members expressing gratitude to each other in a group) might offer the greatest promise for fostering durable, positive effects on people's psychological well-being.
感恩干预如何设计才能对人们的幸福感产生有意义且持久的影响？为解决这个问题，作者提出了变革催化模型——这个新颖、实用且可实证检验的模型假定了五条以社会为导向的行为路径，这些路径引导着感恩干预的长期效果，以及如何在干预中增强感恩体验以提高治疗效果并催化这些行为路径。具体而言，增强感恩体验的频率、技巧、强度、时间跨度和多样性的干预措施，可能会催化以下干预后以社会为导向的行为：（a）寻求社会支持的行为，（b）亲社会行为，（c）建立和增进人际关系的行为，（d）参与以掌握为导向的社会活动，以及（e）减少适应不良的人际行为，这些行为反过来又会产生长期的心理健康。变革催化模型的一个独特之处在于，感恩体验被广泛地概念化，不仅包括感恩情绪、认知和表达，还包括表达、接受、见证和回应人际间的感恩。为此，提供多种感恩社会体验机会的感恩干预措施（例如，小组成员相互表达感激之情）可能最有希望对人们的心理健康产生持久的积极影响。
