Renewable Energy Systems, Institute for Environmental Sciences (ISE), Section of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Uni Carl Vogt, Boulevard Carl Vogt 66, CH-1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland.
Nat Commun. 2023 Apr 18;14(1):2205. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-37946-3.
Improving equity is an emerging priority in climate and energy strategies, but little is known how these strategies would alter inequalities. Regional inequalities such as price, employment and land use are especially relevant in the electricity sector, which must decarbonize first to allow other sectors to decarbonize. Here, we show that a European low-carbon electricity sector in 2035 can reduce but also sustain associated regional inequalities. Using spatially-explicit modeling for 296 sub-national regions, we demonstrate that emission cuts consistent with net-zero greenhouse gas emissions in 2050 result in continent-wide benefits by 2035 regarding electricity sector investments, employment gains, and decreased greenhouse gas and particulate matter emissions. However, the benefits risk being concentrated in affluent regions of Northern Europe, while regions of Southern and Southeastern Europe risk high vulnerabilities due to high adverse impacts and sensitivities, and low adaptive capacities. Future analysis should investigate policy mechanisms for reducing and compensating inequalities.
提高公平性是气候和能源战略中的一个新重点，但人们对这些战略将如何改变不平等现象知之甚少。在电力部门，区域不平等现象（如价格、就业和土地利用）尤为相关，因为电力部门必须首先实现脱碳，才能允许其他部门脱碳。在这里，我们表明，到 2035 年，一个欧洲低碳电力部门可以减少但也可以维持相关的区域不平等。我们使用 296 个次国家地区的空间明确模型，表明到 2050 年实现温室气体净零排放的减排措施将在 2035 年为整个欧洲大陆带来电力部门投资、就业增加以及减少温室气体和颗粒物排放的好处。然而，这些好处有可能集中在北欧富裕地区，而南欧和东南欧地区则由于高负面影响和敏感性以及低适应能力而面临高脆弱性风险。未来的分析应该研究减少和补偿不平等的政策机制。
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