Shakour Neda, Mohadeszadeh Manijeh, Iranshahi Mehrdad
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Mini Rev Med Chem. 2024;24(1):3-25. doi: 10.2174/1389557523666230417083143.
Natural products have optical activities with unusual structural characteristics or specific stereoselectivity, mostly including spiro-ring systems or quaternary carbon atoms. Expensive and time-consuming methods for natural product purification, especially natural products with bioactive properties, have encouraged chemists to synthesize those compounds in laboratories. Due to their significant role in drug discovery and chemical biology, natural products have become a major area of synthetic organic chemistry. Most medicinal ingredients available today are healing agents derived from natural resources, such as plants, herbs, and other natural products.
Materials were compiled using the three databases of ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar. For this study, only English-language publications have been evaluated based on their titles, abstracts, and full texts.
Developing bioactive compounds and drugs from natural products has remained challenging despite recent advances. A major challenge is not whether a target can be synthesized but how to do so efficiently and practically. Nature has the ability to create molecules in a delicate but effective manner. A convenient method is to imitate the biogenesis of natural products from microbes, plants, or animals for synthesizing natural products. Inspired by the mechanisms occurring in the nature, synthetic strategies facilitate laboratory synthesis of natural compounds with complicated structures.
In this review, we have elaborated on the recent syntheses of natural products conducted since 2008 and provided an updated outline of this area of research (Covering 2008-2022) using bioinspired methods, including Diels-Alder dimerization, photocycloaddition, cyclization, and oxidative and radical reactions, which will provide an easy access to precursors for biomimetic reactions. This study presents a unified method for synthesizing bioactive skeletal products.
天然产物具有光学活性，其结构特征独特或具有特定的立体选择性，大多包含螺环体系或季碳原子。天然产物的纯化方法昂贵且耗时，尤其是具有生物活性的天然产物，这促使化学家在实验室中合成这些化合物。由于天然产物在药物发现和化学生物学中具有重要作用，它们已成为合成有机化学的一个主要领域。当今可用的大多数药物成分都是源自自然资源的治疗剂，如植物、草药和其他天然产物。
使用ScienceDirect、PubMed和谷歌学术这三个数据库收集资料。对于本研究，仅根据英文出版物的标题、摘要和全文进行评估。
尽管最近取得了进展，但从天然产物开发生物活性化合物和药物仍然具有挑战性。一个主要挑战不在于能否合成目标物，而在于如何高效且实际地进行合成。自然界有能力以精妙而有效的方式创造分子。一种便捷的方法是模仿微生物、植物或动物中天然产物的生物合成来合成天然产物。受自然界中发生的机制启发，合成策略有助于在实验室中合成结构复杂的天然化合物。
在本综述中，我们阐述了自2008年以来天然产物的最新合成情况，并提供了该研究领域（涵盖2008 - 2022年）使用仿生方法的最新概述，包括狄尔斯 - 阿尔德二聚反应、光环加成反应、环化反应以及氧化和自由基反应，这将为仿生反应的前体提供便捷途径。本研究提出了一种合成生物活性骨架产物的统一方法。
