Shetty Rohit, Mahendran Krithikaa, Joshi Parth D, Jeyabalan Nallathambi, Jayadev Chaitra, Das Debashish
Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Narayana Nethralaya Eye Hospital, Bangalore, India.
Stem Cell Research Lab, GROW Lab, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, India.
Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2023 Nov;261(11):3051-3065. doi: 10.1007/s00417-023-06064-7. Epub 2023 Apr 19.
Keratoconus is a corneal ectatic disease caused by stromal thinning leading to astigmatism and progressive loss of vision. Loss of the keratocytes and excessive degradation of collagen fibres by matrix metalloproteinases are the molecular signatures of the disease. Despite several limitations, corneal collagen cross-linking and keratoplasty are the most widely used treatment options for keratoconus. In the pursuit of alternative treatment modalities, clinician scientists have explored cell therapy paradigms for treating the condition.
Articles pertaining to keratoconus cell therapy with relevant key words were used to search in PubMed, Researchgate, and Google Scholar. The articles were selected based on their relevance, reliability, publication year, published journal, and accessibility.
Various cellular abnormalities have been reported in keratoconus. Diverse cell types such as mesenchymal stromal cells, dental pulp cells, bone marrow stem cells, haematopoietic stem cells, adipose-derived stem cells apart from embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells can be used for keratoconus cell therapy. The results obtained show that there is a potential for these cells from various sources as a viable treatment option.
There is a need for consensus with respect to the source of cells, mode of delivery, stage of disease, and duration of follow-up, to establish a standard operating protocol. This would eventually widen the cell therapy options for corneal ectatic diseases beyond keratoconus.
圆锥角膜是一种角膜扩张性疾病，由基质变薄导致散光和视力逐渐丧失。角膜细胞的丧失以及基质金属蛋白酶对胶原纤维的过度降解是该疾病的分子特征。尽管存在一些局限性，但角膜胶原交联和角膜移植术是圆锥角膜最广泛使用的治疗选择。为了寻求替代治疗方式，临床科学家们探索了用于治疗该疾病的细胞治疗模式。
使用与圆锥角膜细胞治疗相关的关键词在PubMed、Researchgate和谷歌学术上搜索文章。根据文章的相关性、可靠性、发表年份、发表期刊和可获取性进行筛选。
已报道圆锥角膜存在各种细胞异常。除胚胎干细胞和诱导多能干细胞外，多种细胞类型如间充质基质细胞、牙髓细胞、骨髓干细胞、造血干细胞、脂肪来源干细胞可用于圆锥角膜细胞治疗。获得的结果表明，这些来自不同来源的细胞作为一种可行的治疗选择具有潜力。
需要就细胞来源、递送方式、疾病阶段和随访时间达成共识，以建立标准操作方案。这最终将拓宽除圆锥角膜外的角膜扩张性疾病的细胞治疗选择。
