Vetagro-Sup, 1 avenue Bourgelat 69 280 Marcy l'Etoile, France.
ASTRE, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, 34398 Montpellier, France.
J Wildl Dis. 2023 Apr 1;59(2):224-233. doi: 10.7589/JWD-D-21-00153.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical challenge of the 21st century for public and animal health. The role of host biodiversity and the environment in the evolution and transmission of resistant bacteria between populations and species, and specifically at the wildlife-livestock-human interface, needs to be further investigated. We evaluated the AMR of commensal Escherichia coli in three mammalian herbivore species-impala (Aepyceros melampus), greater kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros), and plains zebra (Equus quagga)-targeting populations living under two conditions: captivity (French zoos) and free ranging (natural and private parks in Zimbabwe). From 137 fecal samples from these three host species, 328 E. coli isolates were isolated. We measured the AMR of each isolate against eight antibiotics, and we assessed the presence of AMR genes and mobile genetic element class 1 integrons (int1). Isolates obtained from captive hosts had a higher probability of being resistant than those obtained from free-ranging hosts (odds ratio, 293.8; confidence interval, 10-94,000). This statistically higher proportion of AMR bacteria in zoos than in natural parks was especially observed for bacteria resistant to amoxicillin. The percentage of int1 detection was higher when isolates were obtained from captive hosts, particularly captive impalas. Ninety percent of bacterial isolates with genes involved in antibiotic resistance also had the int1 gene. The sul1, sul2, blaTEM, and stra genes were found in 14, 19, 0, and 31%, respectively, of E. coli with respective antibiotic resistance. Finally, plains zebra carried AMR significantly more often than the other species.
抗微生物药物耐药性（AMR）是 21 世纪公共卫生和动物健康面临的重大挑战。宿主生物多样性和环境在耐药细菌在种群和物种之间的进化和传播中的作用，特别是在野生动植物-牲畜-人类界面，需要进一步研究。我们评估了三种食草哺乳动物（黑斑羚、大角斑羚和平原斑马）共生大肠杆菌的 AMR，这些哺乳动物的目标种群生活在两种条件下：圈养（法国动物园）和自由放养（津巴布韦的自然和私人公园）。从这三个宿主物种的 137 份粪便样本中，分离出了 328 株大肠杆菌。我们测量了每种分离株对 8 种抗生素的 AMR，并评估了 AMR 基因和移动遗传元件类 1 整合子（int1）的存在。与自由放养宿主获得的分离株相比，从圈养宿主获得的分离株具有更高的耐药可能性（优势比，293.8；置信区间，10-94000）。与自然公园相比，动物园中 AMR 细菌的比例更高，尤其是对阿莫西林耐药的细菌。从圈养宿主获得的分离株中，int1 的检测率更高，尤其是圈养的黑斑羚。携带抗生素耐药基因的细菌分离株中有 90%也携带有 int1 基因。在具有抗生素耐药性的大肠杆菌中，sul1、sul2、blaTEM 和 stra 基因的检出率分别为 14%、19%、0%和 31%。最后，与其他两种物种相比，平原斑马携带 AMR 的频率显著更高。
