Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Division of Public Health, Bureau of Environmental and Occupational Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2018 Oct 17;84(21). doi: 10.1128/AEM.01632-18. Print 2018 Nov 1.
Antibiotic resistance is a global concern, although it has been studied most extensively in developed countries. We studied and class 1 integrons in western Uganda by analyzing 1,685 isolates from people, domestic animals, and wild nonhuman primates near two national parks. Overall, 499 isolates (29.6%) were resistant to at least one of 11 antibiotics tested. The frequency of resistance reached 20.3% of isolates for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole but was nearly zero for the less commonly available antibiotics ciprofloxacin (0.4%), gentamicin (0.2%), and ceftiofur (0.1%). The frequency of resistance was 57.4% in isolates from people, 19.5% in isolates from domestic animals, and 16.3% in isolates from wild nonhuman primates. Isolates of livestock and primate origin displayed multidrug resistance patterns identical to those of human-origin isolates. The percentage of resistant isolates in people was higher near Kibale National Park (64.3%) than near Bwindi Impenetrable National Park (34.6%), perhaps reflecting local socioeconomic or ecological conditions. Across antibiotics, resistance correlated negatively with the local price of the antibiotic, with the most expensive antibiotics (nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin) showing near-zero resistance. Among phenotypically resistant isolates, 33.2% harbored class 1 integrons containing 11 common resistance genes arranged into nine distinct gene cassettes, five of which were present in isolates from multiple host species. Overall, these results show that phenotypic resistance and class 1 integrons are distributed broadly among isolates from different host species in this region, where local socioeconomic and ecological conditions may facilitate widespread diffusion of bacteria or resistance-conferring genetic elements. Antibiotic resistance is a global problem. This study, conducted in rural western Uganda, describes antibiotic resistance patterns in bacteria near two forested national parks. Resistance was present not only in people, but also in their livestock and in nearby wild nonhuman primates. Multidrug resistance and class 1 integrons containing genes that confer resistance were common and were similar in people and animals. The percentage of resistant isolates decreased with increasing local price of the antibiotic. Antibiotic resistance in this setting likely reflects environmental diffusion of bacteria or their genes, perhaps facilitated by local ecological and socioeconomic conditions.
抗生素耐药性是一个全球性问题，尽管它在发达国家得到了最广泛的研究。我们通过分析来自两个国家公园附近的人、家畜和野生非人灵长类动物的 1685 个分离株，研究了乌干达西部的 和 1 类整合子。总的来说，有 499 个分离株（29.6%）对测试的 11 种抗生素中的至少一种具有耐药性。对于甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲恶唑，耐药率达到了 20.3%，而对于不太常用的抗生素环丙沙星（0.4%）、庆大霉素（0.2%）和头孢噻呋（0.1%），耐药率几乎为零。来自人的分离株的耐药率为 57.4%，来自家畜的分离株为 19.5%，来自野生非人灵长类动物的分离株为 16.3%。家畜和灵长类动物来源的分离株显示出与人类来源的分离株相同的多药耐药模式。基巴莱国家公园（64.3%）附近的耐药分离株比例高于布温迪难以穿越国家公园（34.6%），这可能反映了当地的社会经济或生态条件。在各种抗生素中，耐药性与抗生素的当地价格呈负相关，价格最贵的抗生素（萘啶酸和环丙沙星）几乎没有耐药性。在表型耐药的分离株中，有 33.2%携带含有 11 种常见耐药基因的 1 类整合子，这些基因排列成 9 个不同的基因盒，其中 5 个存在于来自多种宿主物种的分离株中。总的来说，这些结果表明，在该地区不同宿主物种的 分离株中，表型耐药性和 1 类整合子广泛分布，当地的社会经济和生态条件可能促进了细菌或耐药基因的广泛传播。抗生素耐药性是一个全球性问题。本研究在乌干达西部农村地区进行，描述了两个森林国家公园附近 细菌的抗生素耐药模式。耐药性不仅存在于人类中，也存在于他们的家畜和附近的野生非人灵长类动物中。多药耐药性和携带耐药基因的 1 类整合子很常见，在人和动物中相似。随着当地抗生素价格的升高，耐药分离株的比例下降。在这种环境下，抗生素耐药性可能反映了细菌或其基因的环境扩散，这可能是由当地的生态和社会经济条件促成的。
