Akwongo Claire Julie, Borrelli Luca, Houf Kurt, Fioretti Alessandro, Peruzy Maria Francesca, Murru Nicoletta
Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino 1, Naples, 80137, Italy.
Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke, 9820, Belgium.
BMC Vet Res. 2025 Jan 11;21(1):14. doi: 10.1186/s12917-024-04462-5.
Wild game meat has over the years gained popularity across the globe as it is considered a food source with high protein content, low fat content, and a balanced composition of fatty acids and minerals, which are requirements for a healthy diet. Despite this popularity, there is a concern over its safety as many species of wildlife are reservoirs of zoonotic diseases including those of bacterial origin, more so antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
This study aimed to describe the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in mammalian wild game, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
The overall pooled prevalence of antibiotic resistance was established at 59.8% while the prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR) was 17.2%. Resistance was reported in 32 wild game species and the meta-analysis revealed the highest prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Yersinia spp. (95.5%; CI: 76.8 - 100%) followed by Enterococcus spp. (71%; CI: 44.1 - 92%), Salmonella spp. (69.9%; CI: 44.3 - 90.0%), Staphylococcus spp. (69.3%; CI: 40.3 - 92.3%), and Escherichia coli (39.5%; CI: 23.9 - 56.4%). Most notably, resistance to highest priority, critically important antimicrobials, was recorded in all genera of bacteria studied. Additionally, a significantly higher prevalence of antibiotic resistance was observed in studies conducted in remote settings than those in the vicinity of anthropogenic activities, pointing to extensive contamination of wild habitats.
This review shows the presence of antibiotic resistance and the carriage of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes by bacteria isolated from mammalian wild game species. This is a cause for concern if critical steps to prevent transmission to humans from meat and meat products are not applied in the wild game meat production chain. The extensive occurrence of antibiotic resistance in the wild calls for expansion and adaptation of future AMR surveillance plans to include areas with various anthropogenic pressures including in sylvatic habitats.
多年来，野味在全球越来越受欢迎，因为它被视为一种蛋白质含量高、脂肪含量低、脂肪酸和矿物质组成均衡的食物来源，而这些都是健康饮食的必备要素。尽管如此，由于许多野生动物种类是包括细菌源性人畜共患病，尤其是抗生素耐药菌的宿主，人们对其安全性仍存在担忧。
本研究旨在遵循系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南，描述哺乳动物野味中抗生素耐药菌的流行情况。
抗生素耐药性的总体合并流行率为59.8%，而多重耐药（MDR）的流行率为17.2%。在32种野味物种中报告了耐药情况，荟萃分析显示耶尔森菌属的抗生素耐药率最高（95.5%；置信区间：76.8 - 100%），其次是肠球菌属（71%；置信区间：44.1 - 92%）、沙门菌属（69.9%；置信区间：44.3 - 90.0%）、葡萄球菌属（69.3%；置信区间：40.3 - 92.3%）和大肠杆菌（39.5%；置信区间：23.9 - 56.4%）。最值得注意的是，在所研究的所有细菌属中都记录到了对最高优先级、极其重要的抗菌药物的耐药性。此外，在偏远地区进行的研究中观察到的抗生素耐药率明显高于在人为活动附近进行的研究，这表明野生栖息地受到了广泛污染。
本综述表明，从哺乳动物野味物种中分离出的细菌存在抗生素耐药性以及携带抗菌药物耐药（AMR）基因。如果在野味肉类生产链中不采取关键措施防止其传播给人类，这将令人担忧。野外抗生素耐药性的广泛出现要求扩大和调整未来的AMR监测计划，以包括具有各种人为压力的地区，包括在野生栖息地。
