Reinhardt Olena, Ihmann Stephanie, Ahlhelm Matthias, Gelinsky Michael
Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Biologized Materials and Structures, Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS, Dresden, Germany.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2023 Apr 3;11:1145177. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1145177. eCollection 2023.
Living building materials (LBM) are gaining interest in the field of sustainable alternative construction materials to reduce the significant impact of the construction industry on global CO emissions. This study investigated the process of three-dimensional bioprinting to create LBM incorporating the cyanobacterium sp. strain PCC 7002, which is capable of producing calcium carbonate (CaCO) as a biocement. Rheology and printability of biomaterial inks based on alginate-methylcellulose hydrogels containing up to 50 wt% sea sand were examined. PCC 7002 was incorporated into the bioinks and cell viability and growth was characterized by fluorescence microscopy and chlorophyll extraction after the printing process. Biomineralization was induced in liquid culture and in the bioprinted LBM and observed by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and through mechanical characterization. Cell viability in the bioprinted scaffolds was confirmed over 14 days of cultivation, demonstrating that the cells were able to withstand shear stress and pressure during the extrusion process and remain viable in the immobilized state. CaCO mineralization of PCC 7002 was observed in both liquid culture and bioprinted LBM. In comparison to cell-free scaffolds, LBM containing live cyanobacteria had a higher compressive strength. Therefore, bioprinted LBM containing photosynthetically active, mineralizing microorganisms could be proved to be beneficial for designing environmentally friendly construction materials.
活性建筑材料（LBM）在可持续替代建筑材料领域正受到越来越多的关注，以减少建筑业对全球碳排放的重大影响。本研究调查了三维生物打印过程，以制造包含蓝藻菌株PCC 7002的LBM，该菌株能够产生碳酸钙（CaCO₃）作为生物水泥。研究了基于含有高达50 wt%海砂的藻酸盐-甲基纤维素水凝胶的生物材料墨水的流变学和可打印性。将PCC 7002掺入生物墨水中，并在打印过程后通过荧光显微镜和叶绿素提取对细胞活力和生长进行表征。在液体培养和生物打印的LBM中诱导生物矿化，并通过扫描电子显微镜、能量色散X射线光谱和力学表征进行观察。在14天的培养过程中证实了生物打印支架中的细胞活力，表明细胞在挤压过程中能够承受剪切应力和压力，并在固定状态下保持活力。在液体培养和生物打印的LBM中均观察到PCC 7002的CaCO₃矿化。与无细胞支架相比，含有活蓝藻的LBM具有更高的抗压强度。因此，含有光合活性、矿化微生物的生物打印LBM可能被证明有利于设计环保型建筑材料。
