Lamarca Rafaela Silva, Silva João Pedro, Varoni Dos Santos João Paulo, Ayala-Durán Saidy Cristina, de Lima Gomes Paulo Clairmont Feitosa
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry, National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP) Araraquara São Paulo 14800-060 Brazil
RSC Adv. 2023 Apr 17;13(18):12050-12058. doi: 10.1039/d3ra01281f.
The demand for the development of portable and low-cost analytical devices has encouraged studies employing additive manufacturing techniques, such as 3D-printing. This method can be used to produce components such as printed electrodes, photometers, and fluorometers for low-cost systems that provide advantages including low sample volume, reduced chemical waste, and easy coupling with LED-based optics and other instrumental devices. In the present work, a modular 3D-printed fluorometer/photometer was designed and applied for the determination of caffeine (CAF), ciprofloxacin (CIP), and Fe(ii) in pharmaceutical samples. All the plastic parts were printed separately by a 3D printer, using Tritan as the plastic material (black color). The final size of the modular 3D-printed device was 12 × 8 cm. The radiation sources were light-emitting diodes (LEDs), while a light dependent resistor (LDR) was used as a photodetector. The analytical curves obtained for the device were: = 3.00 × 10 [CAF] + 1.00 and = 0.987 for caffeine; = 6.90 × 10 [CIP] - 3.39 × 10 and = 0.991 for ciprofloxacin; and = 1.12 × 10 [Fe(ii)] + 1.26 × 10 and = 0.998 for iron(ii). The results obtained using the developed device were compared with reference methods, with no statistically significant differences observed. The 3D-printed device was composed of moveable parts, providing flexibility for adaptation and application as a photometer or fluorometer, by only switching the photodetector position. The LED could also be easily switched, permitting application of the device for different purposes. The cost of the device, including the printing and electronic components, was lower than US$10. The use of 3D-printing enables the development of portable instruments for use in remote locations with a lack of research resources.
对便携式低成本分析设备的需求推动了采用增材制造技术（如3D打印）的研究。这种方法可用于生产诸如印刷电极、光度计和荧光计等部件，用于低成本系统，这些系统具有低样品体积、减少化学废物以及易于与基于LED的光学器件和其他仪器设备耦合等优点。在本工作中，设计了一种模块化3D打印荧光计/光度计，并将其应用于药物样品中咖啡因（CAF）、环丙沙星（CIP）和铁（II）的测定。所有塑料部件均由3D打印机单独打印，使用Tritan作为塑料材料（黑色）。模块化3D打印设备的最终尺寸为12×8厘米。辐射源为发光二极管（LED），而光敏电阻（LDR）用作光电探测器。该设备获得的分析曲线为：咖啡因的 = 3.00×10 [CAF] + 1.00， = 0.987；环丙沙星的 = 6.90×10 [CIP] - 3.39×10， = 0.991；铁（II）的 = 1.12×10 [Fe（ii）] + 1.26×10， = 0.998。将使用所开发设备获得的结果与参考方法进行比较，未观察到统计学上的显著差异。3D打印设备由可移动部件组成，通过仅切换光电探测器位置，可为作为光度计或荧光计的适配和应用提供灵活性。LED也可轻松切换，使该设备可用于不同目的。该设备的成本，包括打印和电子元件，低于10美元。3D打印的使用使得能够开发出可在缺乏研究资源的偏远地区使用的便携式仪器。
