Nursalam Nursalam, Mustikasari Mustikasari, Ifadah Erlin, Hapsari Elsi Dwi
Doctoral Program of Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Universitas Respati Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
SAGE Open Nurs. 2023 Apr 11;9:23779608231167825. doi: 10.1177/23779608231167825. eCollection 2023 Jan-Dec.
The incidence of fracture and surgery of the hip and lower extremities is still high. Long postoperative bed rest can potentially increase the incidence of various complications that may increase patients' morbidity and mortality rate after hip and lower extremities surgery. This literature review aimed to identify the effects of early mobilization on hip and lower extremity postoperative.
Search for articles on several databases such as ProQuest, ScienceDirect, CINAHL, Medline, Wiley Online, and Scopus, using the Boolean operator tools with "AND" and "OR" words by combining several keywords according to the literature review topic, with inclusion criteria of those published in the last three years (2019-2021), using a quantitative design, written in English and full-text articles. A total of 435 articles were obtained, screened, and reviewed so that there were 16 (sixteen) eligible articles.
There were 11 (eleven) effects of early mobilization, that is, shorter the length of stay, lower postoperative complication, lower the pain, increase walking ability, increase quality of life, decrease the rate of readmission, decrease mortality rate, lower the total hospitalization cost, higher number of physical therapy sessions prior to discharge, increase in satisfaction, and no fracture displacement or implant failure.
This literature review showed that early mobilization is safe and effective in postoperative patients to reduce the risk of complications and adverse events. Nurses and health workers who care for patients can implement early mobilization and motivate patients to cooperate in undergoing early mobilization.
髋部和下肢骨折及手术的发生率仍然很高。术后长时间卧床休息可能会增加各种并发症的发生率，这可能会提高髋部和下肢手术后患者的发病率和死亡率。本综述旨在确定早期活动对髋部和下肢术后的影响。
在多个数据库中搜索文章，如ProQuest、ScienceDirect、CINAHL、Medline、Wiley Online和Scopus，使用布尔运算符工具，结合“AND”和“OR”等词，根据综述主题组合几个关键词，纳入标准为过去三年（2019 - 2021年）发表的、采用定量设计、英文撰写的全文文章。共获得435篇文章，经过筛选和评审，最终有16篇符合条件的文章。
早期活动有11个方面的影响，即缩短住院时间、降低术后并发症、减轻疼痛、提高行走能力、提高生活质量、降低再入院率、降低死亡率、降低总住院费用、出院前增加物理治疗次数、提高满意度，且无骨折移位或植入物失败。
本综述表明，早期活动对术后患者是安全有效的，可降低并发症和不良事件的风险。护理患者的护士和医护人员可实施早期活动，并激励患者配合进行早期活动。
