Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain; Biomedicine Group in Critical Care (BioCritic), Spain.
Department of Pneumology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain.
Environ Res. 2023 Jul 15;229:115904. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115904. Epub 2023 Apr 18.
This study analyzed, at a postcode detailed level, the relation-ship between short-term exposure to environmental factors and hospital ad-missions, in-hospital mortality, ICU admission, and ICU mortality due to COVID-19 during the lockdown and post-lockdown 2020 period in Spain.
We performed a nationwide population-based retrospective study on 208,744 patients admitted to Spanish hospitals due to COVID-19 based on the Minimum Basic Data Set (MBDS) during the first two waves of the pandemic in 2020. Environmental data were obtained from Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service. The association was assessed by a generalized additive model.
PM was the most critical environmental factor related to hospital admissions and hospital mortality due to COVID-19 during the lockdown in Spain, PM, NO, and SO2and also showed associations. The effect was considerably reduced during the post-lockdown period. ICU admissions in COVID-19 patients were mainly associated with PM, PM, NO, and SO2 during the lockdown as well. During the lockdown, exposure to PM and PM were the most critical environmental factors related to ICU mortality in COVID-19.
Short-term exposure to air pollutants impacts COVID-19 out-comes during the lockdown, especially PM, PM, NO, and SO2. These pollutants are associated with hospital admission, hospital mortality and ICU admission, while ICU mortality is mainly associated with PM and PM. Our findings reveal the importance of monitoring air pollutants in respiratory infectious diseases.
本研究在邮政编码详细水平上分析了 2020 年西班牙封锁期间和封锁后短期暴露于环境因素与因 COVID-19 住院、住院死亡率、入住 ICU 和因 COVID-19 入住 ICU 死亡率之间的关系。
我们基于 2020 年大流行的前两个波次中西班牙医院因 COVID-19 收治的 208744 例患者的最小基本数据集（MBDS）进行了一项全国性基于人群的回顾性研究。环境数据来自哥白尼大气监测服务。通过广义加性模型评估关联。
在西班牙封锁期间，PM 是与 COVID-19 住院和 COVID-19 住院死亡率相关的最关键环境因素，PM、NO 和 SO2 也显示出关联。在封锁后期间，这种影响大大降低。COVID-19 患者的 ICU 入院主要与 PM、PM、NO 和 SO2 有关。在封锁期间，暴露于 PM 和 PM 是 COVID-19 患者 ICU 死亡率的最关键环境因素。
短期暴露于空气污染物会影响封锁期间 COVID-19 的结果，尤其是 PM、PM、NO 和 SO2。这些污染物与住院、住院死亡率和 ICU 入院有关，而 ICU 死亡率主要与 PM 和 PM 有关。我们的研究结果揭示了监测呼吸道传染病中空气污染物的重要性。
