Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya P.O. Box 62000-00200.
Department of Animal Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya P.O. Box 62000-00200.
Biomed Res Int. 2023 Apr 11;2023:3573056. doi: 10.1155/2023/3573056. eCollection 2023.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing health problem globally. To address this challenge, there is a need to generate baseline data on the prevalence and AMR profile of the main disease-causing bacteria. Here, we interrogated the prevalence of bacteria in the nasal cavity of healthy pastoralists in Kajiado Central Subcounty, Kenya, and the occurrence of AMR in Staphylococcus isolates among the study subjects. Nasal swabs from 176 pastoralists were cultured, and the bacteria isolates identified using standard phenotypic and biochemical bacteriological methods. Among the obtained 195 isolates, the most prevalent isolates were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) (44.9%), followed by spp. (43.2%) while prevalence was 8%. Antimicrobial sensitivity of the spp. isolates to 14 antibiotics representing six antibiotic groups was undertaken using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Among the CoNS, the highest resistance was reported in amoxicillin (78.7%) and ceftazidime (76%), while the most resistance for was reported in ceftazidime (100%), amoxicillin (71.4%), and streptomycin (71.4%). From an administered questionnaire looking at gender, animal contact frequency, history of hospital visitation and antibiotic usage, and habitual intake of raw milk, the study showed that male participants had a higher risk of carrying multiple drug resistant (MDR) bacteria than females ( = 0.02, OR = 1.3). Likewise, habitual intake of raw milk was significantly associated MDR acquisition ( = 0.02, OR = 1.82). This study reveals a high prevalence of AMR Staphylococcus isolates in the study area laying a foundation for further analysis of molecular characterization of the observed resistance as well as the development of interventions that can reduce the occurrence of AMR in the study area.
抗菌药物耐药性(AMR)是一个全球性的日益严重的健康问题。为了应对这一挑战,需要生成主要致病菌的流行率和 AMR 特征的基线数据。在这里,我们调查了肯尼亚 Kajiado 中央县的健康牧民鼻腔中细菌的流行率,以及研究对象中金黄色葡萄球菌分离株的 AMR 发生率。对 176 名牧民的鼻腔拭子进行培养,并使用标准表型和生化细菌学方法鉴定细菌分离株。在所获得的 195 株分离株中,最常见的分离株是凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(CoNS)(44.9%),其次是 spp.(43.2%),而 的流行率为 8%。采用 Kirby-Bauer 纸片扩散法对 spp. 分离株对代表六种抗生素类别的 14 种抗生素的药敏性进行了研究。在 CoNS 中,报告的最高耐药性是阿莫西林(78.7%)和头孢他啶(76%),而 报告的最高耐药性是头孢他啶(100%)、阿莫西林(71.4%)和链霉素(71.4%)。从一份调查性别、与动物接触频率、医院就诊和抗生素使用史以及习惯性饮用生奶的问卷中,研究表明,男性参与者携带多重耐药(MDR)细菌的风险高于女性( = 0.02,OR = 1.3)。同样,习惯性饮用生奶与 MDR 获得显著相关( = 0.02,OR = 1.82)。本研究揭示了研究区域中金黄色葡萄球菌分离株的高 AMR 流行率,为进一步分析观察到的耐药性的分子特征以及开发可以减少研究区域中 AMR 发生的干预措施奠定了基础。