State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai Plateau Tree Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Qinghai Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China.
Resources Sanjiu Medical & Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Manufacturing Innovation Center Co., Ltd., China Resources Sanjiu Modern Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, 518110, China.
PLoS One. 2023 Apr 21;18(4):e0283498. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283498. eCollection 2023.
Chrysanthemi Indici Flos (CIF) is the inflorescence of Chrysanthemum indicum L., which exists in various shades of yellow and has pharmacologically active constituents. It is widely used for medicinal purposes in China, Japan, and South Korea to treat inflammatory diseases. Its external color is usually used to judge its internal quality in trade; however, the correlation between its color and chemical constituents is unknown. Here, we simultaneously determined five phenylpropanoids (neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, and isochlorogenic acids A, B, and C) and four flavonoids (linarin, luteolin, apigenin, and acacetin) of 70 CIF germplasms using a newly established UPLC method; furthermore, we measured their color parameters (L*, a*, and b*) using a spectrophotometer. Our results showed considerable variations in the bioactive constituent contents and color parameters of CIF. The content of the five phenylpropanoids and the relative correlation degree γi of the nine constituents were positively correlated with color parameters, which could be rapidly predicted based on L* and/or b*. Moreover, we screened out a high-quality germplasm with a high linarin content and bright colors using the hierarchical clustering method. Our results provide comprehensive insight into CIF's quality evaluation process, particularly the methods for procuring high-quality medicinal materials and breeding by color.
菊花（Chrysanthemi Indici Flos，CIF）是菊科植物菊花（Chrysanthemum indicum L.）的头状花序，具有黄色调的不同颜色，且含有具有药理活性的成分。在中国、日本和韩国，它被广泛用于治疗炎症性疾病。其外观颜色通常用于贸易中判断其内在质量；然而，其颜色与化学成分之间的相关性尚不清楚。在这里，我们使用新建立的 UPLC 方法同时测定了 70 个菊花种质资源中的 5 种苯丙烷类（新绿原酸、绿原酸和异绿原酸 A、B 和 C）和 4 种黄酮类化合物（莱菔硫烷、木犀草素、芹菜素和乙酰丁香酮）；此外，我们还使用分光光度计测量了它们的颜色参数（L*、a和 b）。我们的结果表明，菊花中生物活性成分含量和颜色参数存在很大差异。五种苯丙烷类化合物的含量和九种成分的相对相关程度γi与颜色参数呈正相关，可根据 L和/或 b快速预测。此外，我们使用层次聚类方法筛选出了一种高含量莱菔硫烷和颜色鲜艳的优质种质。我们的研究结果为菊花的质量评价过程提供了全面的见解，特别是为高质量药材的获取和颜色选育提供了方法。
