SHORE & Whariki Research Centre, College of Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand.
Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res (Hoboken). 2023 Apr;47(4):786-795. doi: 10.1111/acer.15030. Epub 2023 Apr 23.
Alcohol policies stand out among other noncommunicable disease-relevant policies for the lack of uptake. Composite indicators have been developed to measure the effects of alcohol control policy. We investigated whether drinking patterns among demographic groups from general population samples of drinkers from diverse countries are associated with alcohol control policy as measured by the International Alcohol Control (IAC) Policy Index.
Representative samples of adult drinkers from 10 countries (five high-income and five middle-income) were surveyed about alcohol consumption, using beverage and location-specific questions.
The IAC Policy Index was analyzed with frequency, typical occasion quantity, and volume consumed. Analyses used mixed models that included interactions between country IAC Policy Index score and age group, gender, and education level.
Each increase in IAC policy index score (reflecting more effective alcohol policy) was associated with a 13.9% decrease in drinking frequency (p = 0.006) and a 16.5% decrease in volume (p = 0.001). With each increase in IAC Policy Index score, both genders decreased for all three measures, but men less so than women. Women decreased their typical occasion quantity by 1.2% (p = 0.006), frequency by 3.1% (p < 0.001), and total volume by 4.2% (p < 0.001) compared to men. Low and mid-education groups decreased their typical occasion quantity by 2.6% (p < 0.001) and 1.6% (p = 0.001), respectively, compared to high education, while for drinking frequency the low education group increased by 7.0% (p < 0.001). There was an overall effect of age (F = 19.27, p < 0.0001), with 18-19 and 20-24-year-olds showing the largest decreases in typical occasion quantity with increasing IAC policy index score.
The IAC Policy Index, reflecting four effective policies, was associated with volume and frequency of drinking across 10 diverse countries. Each increase in the IAC Policy Index was associated with lower typical quantities consumed among groups reporting heavy drinking: young adults and less well-educated. There is value in implementing such alcohol policies and a need to accelerate their uptake globally.
在其他与非传染性疾病相关的政策中，酒精政策的实施情况尤为突出。已经制定了综合指标来衡量酒精控制政策的效果。我们研究了来自不同国家的普通人群饮酒者的人群饮酒模式是否与国际酒精控制（IAC）政策指数衡量的酒精控制政策有关。
对来自 10 个国家（5 个高收入国家和 5 个中等收入国家）的成年饮酒者进行了代表性样本调查，使用了饮料和特定地点的问题。
使用混合模型分析了 IAC 政策指数与频率、典型场合数量和消耗的体积之间的关系，该模型包括国家 IAC 政策指数得分与年龄组、性别和教育水平之间的交互作用。
IAC 政策指数每增加一个单位（反映更有效的酒精政策），饮酒频率就会降低 13.9%（p=0.006），饮酒量降低 16.5%（p=0.001）。随着 IAC 政策指数的增加，男女两性都减少了所有三种测量值，但男性的减少幅度小于女性。与男性相比，女性的典型场合量减少了 1.2%（p=0.006），饮酒频率减少了 3.1%（p<0.001），总饮酒量减少了 4.2%（p<0.001）。与高教育水平相比，低教育和中等教育群体的典型场合量分别减少了 2.6%（p<0.001）和 1.6%（p=0.001），而在饮酒频率方面，低教育群体增加了 7.0%（p<0.001）。年龄有总体效应（F=19.27，p<0.0001），18-19 岁和 20-24 岁的人群随着 IAC 政策指数的增加，典型场合量的减少幅度最大。
IAC 政策指数反映了四项有效政策，与 10 个不同国家的饮酒量和饮酒频率有关。IAC 政策指数的每一次增加都与报告大量饮酒的人群的典型消耗量降低有关：年轻人和受教育程度较低的人群。实施这些酒精政策具有价值，需要在全球范围内加快实施这些政策。
