Choi Joo Hyung, You Su Hwa, Ko Mi Kyeong, Jo Hye Eun, Shin Sung Ho, Jo Hyundong, Lee Min Ja, Kim Su Mi, Kim Byounghan, Lee Jong Soo, Park Jong Hyeon
Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea.
College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
J Vet Sci. 2020 Sep;21(5):e74. doi: 10.4142/jvs.2020.21.e74.
The quality of a vaccine depends strongly on the effects of the adjuvants applied simultaneously with the antigen in the vaccine. The adjuvants enhance the protective effect of the vaccine against a viral challenge. Conversely, oil-type adjuvants leave oil residue inside the bodies of the injected animals that can produce a local reaction in the muscle. The long-term immunogenicity of mice after vaccination was examined. ISA206 or ISA15 oil adjuvants maintained the best immunity, protective capability, and safety among the oil adjuvants in the experimental group.
This study screened the adjuvant composites aimed at enhancing foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) immunity. The C-type lectin or toll-like receptor (TLR) agonist showed the most improved protection rate.
Experimental vaccines were fabricated by mixing various known oil adjuvants and composites that can act as immunogenic adjuvants (gel, saponin, and other components) and examined the enhancement effect on the vaccine.
The water in oil (W/O) and water in oil in water (W/O/W) adjuvants showed better immune effects than the oil in water (O/W) adjuvants, which have a small volume of oil component. The W/O type left the largest amount of oil residue, followed by W/O/W and O/W types. In the mouse model, intramuscular inoculation showed a better protection rate than subcutaneous inoculation. Moreover, the protective effect was particularly weak in the case of inoculation in fatty tissue. The initial immune reaction and persistence of long-term immunity were also confirmed in an immune reaction on pigs.
The new experimental vaccine with immunostimulants produces improved immune responses and safety in pigs than general oil-adjuvanted vaccines.
疫苗的质量在很大程度上取决于与疫苗中的抗原同时使用的佐剂的效果。佐剂可增强疫苗对病毒攻击的保护作用。相反，油型佐剂会在注射动物体内留下油残留，从而在肌肉中产生局部反应。研究了小鼠接种疫苗后的长期免疫原性。在实验组的油佐剂中，ISA206或ISA15油佐剂保持了最佳的免疫性、保护能力和安全性。
本研究筛选旨在增强口蹄疫（FMD）免疫力的佐剂复合物。C型凝集素或Toll样受体（TLR）激动剂显示出最高的保护率提高。
通过混合各种已知的油佐剂和可作为免疫原性佐剂的复合物（凝胶、皂苷和其他成分）制备实验疫苗，并检测其对疫苗的增强作用。
油包水（W/O）和水包油包水（W/O/W）佐剂的免疫效果优于油相体积较小的水包油（O/W）佐剂。W/O型留下的油残留量最大，其次是W/O/W型和O/W型。在小鼠模型中，肌肉内接种的保护率高于皮下接种。此外，在脂肪组织中接种时保护作用尤其弱。在猪的免疫反应中也证实了初始免疫反应和长期免疫的持续性。
与普通油佐剂疫苗相比，含有免疫刺激剂的新型实验疫苗在猪中产生了更好的免疫反应和安全性。
