Johnson Nicholas, Migné Camille V, Gonzalez Gaëlle
Vector-Borne Diseases, Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey, UK.
ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR 1161 Virologie, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Maison-Alfort, France.
Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2023 Jun 1;36(3):198-202. doi: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000000924. Epub 2023 Apr 10.
Tick-borne encephalitis continues to be one of the most significant causes of viral encephalitis in Europe and Asia. This review will focus on recent developments in the epidemiology, pathogenesis and therapeutic approaches related to infection with tick-borne encephalitis virus.
There is a growing consensus that tick-borne encephalitis viruses are increasing in geographical range, with countries previously free of disease reporting detection of both human cases and presence of virus within indigenous tick populations. The drivers for this are multifactorial but underpinned by human-mediated climate change. Recent developments in pathogenesis have focussed on the intracellular response to infection, particularly in different cell types within the central nervous system (CNS) that are revealing the array of cellular networks triggered by infection. This in turn highlights the need for small molecule therapeutics, such as nucleoside analogues, that can enter the CNS, and the intracellular environment, to inhibit virus replication following neuroinvasion.
Based on continued epidemiological surveillance, tick-borne encephalitis viruses will increasingly affect human populations in Europe and Asia. Much of the research highlighted in this review demonstrates incremental advances in our understanding of these viruses. However, more is required if effective prevention and treatment of this devastating encephalitic viruses are to be realized.
蜱传脑炎仍然是欧洲和亚洲病毒性脑炎最重要的病因之一。本综述将聚焦于蜱传脑炎病毒感染在流行病学、发病机制及治疗方法方面的最新进展。
越来越多的人达成共识，即蜱传脑炎病毒的地理分布范围正在扩大，以前无此病的国家报告了人类病例以及本土蜱虫种群中存在该病毒。其驱动因素是多方面的，但人为介导的气候变化是根本原因。发病机制的最新进展集中在细胞对感染的反应上，特别是中枢神经系统（CNS）内不同细胞类型的反应，这些反应揭示了感染引发的一系列细胞网络。这反过来凸显了小分子疗法的必要性，例如核苷类似物，它们能够进入中枢神经系统以及细胞内环境，以在神经侵袭后抑制病毒复制。
基于持续的流行病学监测，蜱传脑炎病毒将越来越多地影响欧洲和亚洲的人群。本综述中强调的许多研究表明我们对这些病毒的理解有了渐进式的进展。然而，要实现对这种毁灭性脑炎病毒的有效预防和治疗，还需要做更多的工作。
