Human Development and Violence Research Centre (DOVE), Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2024 Mar;33(3):881-895. doi: 10.1007/s00787-023-02178-9. Epub 2023 Apr 25.
Conduct problems are associated with an increased risk of a wide range of physical, mental, and social problems. However, there is still uncertainty about how early risk factors differentiate different developmental patterns of conduct problems and whether findings replicate across diverse social contexts. We aimed to identify developmental trajectories of conduct problems, and test early risk factors, in the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort in Brazil. Conduct problems were measured at ages 4, 6, 11, and 15 years from caregiver reports on the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Conduct problem trajectories were estimated using group-based semi-parametric modeling (n = 3938). Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine associations between early risk factors and conduct problem trajectories. We identified four trajectories: three with elevated conduct problems, including early-onset persistent (n = 150; 3.8%), adolescence-onset (n = 286; 17.3%), and childhood-limited (n = 697; 17.7%), and one with low conduct problems (n = 2805; 71.2%). The three elevated conduct problem trajectories were associated with a wide range of sociodemographic risk factors, prenatal smoking, maternal mental health, harsh parenting, childhood trauma, and child neurodevelopmental risk factors. Early-onset persistent conduct problems were particularly associated with trauma, living without a father figure, and attention difficulties. The four trajectories of conduct problems from ages 4 to 15 years in this Brazilian cohort have similar longitudinal patterns to those identified in high-income countries. The results confirm previous longitudinal research and developmental taxonomic theories on the etiology of conduct problems in a Brazilian sample.
品行问题与广泛的身体、心理和社会问题的风险增加有关。然而，对于早期风险因素如何区分品行问题的不同发展模式，以及这些发现是否在不同的社会环境中具有可重复性，仍存在不确定性。我们旨在确定巴西 2004 年佩洛塔斯出生队列中品行问题的发展轨迹，并检验早期风险因素。品行问题通过儿童行为检查表（CBCL）和困难问卷（SDQ）从照顾者报告中在 4、6、11 和 15 岁时进行测量。使用基于群组的半参数建模（n=3938）来估计品行问题轨迹。使用多项逻辑回归来检验早期风险因素与品行问题轨迹之间的关联。我们确定了四个轨迹：三个具有较高的品行问题，包括早发性持续（n=150；3.8%）、青春期开始（n=286；17.3%）和儿童期有限（n=697；17.7%），以及一个品行问题较低（n=2805；71.2%）。三个高品行问题轨迹与广泛的社会人口风险因素、产前吸烟、产妇心理健康、严厉的育儿方式、儿童期创伤和儿童神经发育风险因素有关。早发性持续的品行问题尤其与创伤、没有父亲形象以及注意力困难有关。巴西队列中 4 至 15 岁的品行问题的四个轨迹与在高收入国家中确定的轨迹具有相似的纵向模式。这些结果证实了之前在巴西样本中关于品行问题病因的纵向研究和发展分类学理论。
