Farhan Bahzad Ahmad, Zhihe Li, Ali Shehbaz, Shah Tawaf Ali, Zhiyu Li, Zhang Andong, Javed Sadia, Asad Muhammad
Institute of Biological Sciences, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan.
College of Agriculture Engineering and Food Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 May;30(24):64904-64931. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-27098-8. Epub 2023 Apr 25.
The main intention in the modern era is to make life and activities on earth more comfortable by adding necessary products through biological machinery. Millions of tons of biological raw materials and lignocellulosic biomass are wasted by burning each year without providing benefits to living organisms. Instead of being the cause of disturbing the natural environment by increasing global warming and pollutants worldwide, now, it is the need of the hour to develop an advanced strategy to utilize these biological raw materials to produce renewable energy resources to meet the energy crisis. The review presents the idea of multiple enzymes in one step to hydrolyze complex biomaterials into useful products. The paper discusses how multiple enzymes are arranged in a cascade for complete hydrolysis of raw material in one-pot to prevent multistep, time consuming, and expensive methods. Furthermore, there was the immobilization of multiple enzymes in a cascade system with in vitro and in vivo conditions for reusability of enzymes. The role of genetic engineering, metabolic engineering, and random mutation techniques is described for the development of multiple enzyme cascades. Techniques that are involved in the improvement of native strain to recombinant strain for the enhancement of hydrolytic capacity were used. The preparative steps, before enzymatic hydrolysis like acid, and base treatment methods are more effective for improving the hydrolysis of biomass by multiple enzymes in a one-pot system. Finally, the applications of one-pot multienzyme complexes in biofuel production from lignocellulosic biomass, biosensor production, medicine, food industry, and the conversion of biopolymers into useful products are described.
现代的主要意图是通过生物机器添加必要的产品，使地球上的生活和活动更加舒适。每年有数百万吨生物原料和木质纤维素生物质被燃烧浪费，而没有给生物体带来任何益处。现在，与其因加剧全球变暖和世界各地的污染物排放而成为破坏自然环境的原因，不如开发一种先进的战略来利用这些生物原料生产可再生能源，以应对能源危机，这才是当务之急。这篇综述提出了一步使用多种酶将复杂生物材料水解为有用产品的想法。本文讨论了如何将多种酶按级联方式排列，以便在一锅法中对原料进行完全水解，从而避免多步、耗时且昂贵的方法。此外，还介绍了在体外和体内条件下，将多种酶固定在级联系统中以实现酶的可重复使用。文中描述了基因工程、代谢工程和随机突变技术在开发多种酶级联反应中的作用。使用了将天然菌株改良为重组菌株以提高水解能力的技术。在酶水解之前的预处理步骤，如酸和碱处理方法，对于在一锅法系统中通过多种酶提高生物质的水解效果更有效。最后，描述了一锅多酶复合物在从木质纤维素生物质生产生物燃料、生物传感器生产、医药、食品工业以及将生物聚合物转化为有用产品方面的应用。
