China Energy Investment Group Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100011, China.
State Key Laboratory of Water Resource Protection and Utilization in Coal Mining, Beijing, 102209, China.
Sci Rep. 2023 Apr 26;13(1):6815. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-33714-x.
Dust pollution is one of the most severe environmental issues in open pit mines, hindering green mining development. Open pit mine dust has characteristics of multiple dust-generating points, is irregular, influenced by climatic conditions, and has a high degree of distribution with a wide dispersion range in three dimensions. Consequently, evaluating the quantity of dust dispersion and controlling environmental pollution are crucial for supporting green mining. In this paper, dust monitoring above the open pit mine was carried out with an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) on board. The dust distribution patterns above the open pit mine were studied in different vertical and horizontal directions at different heights. The results show that the temperature changes less in the morning and more at noon in winter. At the same time, the isothermal layer becomes thinner and thinner as the temperature rises, which makes it easy for dust to spread. The horizontal dust is mainly concentrated at 1300 and 1550 elevations. The dust concentration is polarized at 1350-1450 elevation. The most serious exceedance is at 1400 elevation, with TSP (the concentration of total suspended particulate), PM10 (particulates with aerodynamic diameter < 10 μm), and PM2.5 (particulates with aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 μm) accounting for 188.8%, 139.5%, and 113.8%, respectively. The height is 1350-1450 elevation. Dust monitoring technology carried out by UAV can be applied to the study of dust distribution in the mining field, and the research results can provide reference for other open pit mines. It can also provide a basis for law enforcement part to carry out law enforcement, which has expanded and wide practical application value.
露天矿粉尘是露天矿最严重的环境问题之一，阻碍了绿色矿山的发展。露天矿粉尘具有多点产尘、不规则、受气候条件影响、分布高度三维分布广、分散度高等特点。因此，评估粉尘扩散量和控制环境污染对支持绿色矿山至关重要。本文采用无人机搭载粉尘监测系统，对露天矿上空的粉尘分布进行监测，研究了不同高度、不同垂直和水平方向的露天矿上空粉尘分布规律。结果表明，冬季早晨气温变化较小，中午气温变化较大。同时，随着温度的升高，等温层变得越来越薄，这使得粉尘更容易扩散。水平方向的粉尘主要集中在 1300 和 1550 米高程处。1350-1450 米高程处的粉尘浓度呈极化分布，最严重的超标出现在 1400 米高程处，TSP（总悬浮颗粒物）、PM10（空气动力学直径小于 10μm 的颗粒物）和 PM2.5（空气动力学直径小于 2.5μm 的颗粒物）浓度分别为 188.8%、139.5%和 113.8%。高度在 1350-1450 米之间。无人机粉尘监测技术可应用于矿山粉尘分布研究，研究结果可为其他露天矿山提供参考，也可为执法部门开展执法提供依据，具有拓展和广泛的实际应用价值。
