School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
Zalgen Labs, Frederick, MD, 21703, USA.
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2023;440:147-164. doi: 10.1007/82_2023_262.
Lassa virus (LASV) is the causative agent of Lassa fever, an often-fatal hemorrhagic fever that is endemic in West Africa. LASV virions are enveloped and contain two single-stranded RNA genome segments. Both segments are ambisense and encode two proteins. The nucleoprotein associates with viral RNAs forming ribonucleoprotein complexes. The glycoprotein complex mediates viral attachment and entry. The Zinc protein serves as the matrix protein. Large is a polymerase that catalyzes viral RNA transcription and replication. LASV virion entry occurs via a clathrin-independent endocytic pathway usually involving alpha-dystroglycan and lysosomal associated membrane protein 1 as surface and intracellular receptors, respectively. Advances in understanding LASV structural biology and replication have facilitated development of promising vaccine and drug candidates.
拉沙病毒（LASV）是拉沙热的病原体，拉沙热是一种常见的致命性出血热，流行于西非。LASV 病毒粒子被包膜，包含两个单链 RNA 基因组片段。这两个片段都是双义的，并编码两种蛋白。核蛋白与病毒 RNA 结合形成核糖核蛋白复合物。糖蛋白复合物介导病毒的附着和进入。锌蛋白作为基质蛋白。大蛋白是一种聚合酶，催化病毒 RNA 的转录和复制。LASV 病毒粒子的进入是通过一种不依赖网格蛋白的内吞途径，通常涉及α-肌营养不良蛋白和溶酶体相关膜蛋白 1，分别作为表面和细胞内受体。对 LASV 结构生物学和复制的理解的进展促进了有前途的疫苗和药物候选物的开发。
