School of Pharmacy, Università di Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
Department of Pharmacy, Università "G. d'Annunzio" di Chieti e Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Apr 14;24(8):7286. doi: 10.3390/ijms24087286.
The nervous and immune systems go hand in hand in causing inflammation and pain. However, the two are not mutually exclusive. While some diseases cause inflammation, others are caused by it. Macrophages play an important role in modulating inflammation to trigger neuropathic pain. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan that has a well-known ability to bind with the cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) receptor on classically activated M1 macrophages. Resolving inflammation by varying the molecular weight of HA is a debated concept. HA-based drug delivery nanosystems such as nanohydrogels and nanoemulsions, targeting macrophages can be used to relieve pain and inflammation by loading antinociceptive drugs and enhancing the effect of anti-inflammatory drugs. This review will discuss the ongoing research on HA-based drug delivery nanosystems regarding their antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects.
神经系统和免疫系统在引起炎症和疼痛方面是相互关联的。然而,两者并非互斥的。一些疾病会引起炎症,而另一些疾病则是由炎症引起的。巨噬细胞在调节炎症以引发神经病理性疼痛方面起着重要作用。透明质酸 (HA) 是一种天然存在的糖胺聚糖,具有与经典激活的 M1 巨噬细胞上的分化群 44 (CD44) 受体结合的已知能力。通过改变 HA 的分子量来缓解炎症是一个有争议的概念。基于 HA 的药物递送纳米系统,如纳米水凝胶和纳米乳液,靶向巨噬细胞,可以通过装载镇痛药物和增强抗炎药物的效果来缓解疼痛和炎症。本综述将讨论关于基于 HA 的药物递送纳米系统在镇痛和抗炎方面的研究进展。
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